Contract laws in employment: A case study

195446 Title: Employment Law George worked at rug universe as an helper director. He had been at that place for four old ages and had ever hoped to startup his ain rug concern if the chance arose. His subdivision one statement stated his hours as 40 hours per hebdomad, with two or three yearss off per hebdomad, capable to the operational demands of the employer. his missive of assignment stated, â€Å" you will be expected to work a sensible sum of weekends but this should non usually exceed two weekends in four and a upper limit of four weekend yearss per month. for the last six months, George has worked on mean three weekends in every four, and some weekends he has had to work both Saturday and Sunday. he wants to kick about this, but is diffident how to. Last hebdomad George was told that there was an probe into stock loses, and that he was being suspended. He was told to go to a meeting the following twenty-four hours. The meeting lasted about 3 proceedingss, and he was told that the g rounds was pointed to him, but was non given any inside informations of it. He believes he is being used as a whipping boy, because he has non taken any stock. He admitted to you that he had taken information from the selling files and transferred it onto phonograph record, with a position to puting up his ain concern. He has besides approached his co-workers Jack and Andy who work as rug fitters. they have agreed that they will fall in him when the concern is set up. George intends to put up a rug cleansing concern utilizing the client base of rug universe. His contract contains the undermentioned clauses. ( I ) The employee may non beg fellow employees for a period of six months following expiration of his contract. ( two ) The employee may non utilize information belonging to the concern for any intent other than to carry through his responsibilities under the contract. All information belonging to the concern is regarded as so extremely confidential that it amounts to a trade se cret. ( three ) The employee may non work in a viing concern for one twelvemonth within a radius of 70 stat mis following expiration of his contract. 1. Explain what George should hold done if he was unhappy with the weekend working? 2. Could the company rely on the fact that for over 6 months he has worked extra weekends, and argue that the contract was varied with his understanding as a consequence? 3. Can George claim unjust dismissal? 4. What may go on if they find out about his programs to put up his ain concern? 5. Will the restraint clauses be enforceable here? Get downing with the issue environing the demand to work on weekends an analysis of George’s contract provinces that he is required to work a sensible sum of weekends which will usually non transcend 2 weekends in every 4 hebdomads and will be a upper limit of 4 weekend yearss per month. It has been stated in this scenario that George has in fact been working three weekends in every four for the last 6 months and has besides worked both Saturdays and Sundays on some of those weekends. To be able to rede George as to how he should cover with this affair it is necessary to look at the relevant statute law in this country and besides statute law in regard of employment contracts. There besides needs to be an scrutiny of the jurisprudence sing Sunday work. In general footings if the employment contract states that weekend work is a necessary necessity of the function so the employee will be made to work at weekends. If the contract does non specifically province that the employee will be required to work on a weekend so if the employee garbages and is dismissed for declining the employee would be able to claim unjust dismissal [ 1 ] . Particular regulations can use for certain workers in regard of the enforceability of doing them work on a Sunday. Employees who are shop workers or work in the betting industry can hold particular protection from being force to work on a Sunday [ 2 ] . This ability to decline to work on a Sunday for those mentioned above applies even if the employment contract specifically states that the employee will be required to work on a Sunday [ 3 ] . When engaging an employee who can be exempt from Sunday work the employer is under a responsibility to state the employee about the right to decline to work on a Sun day within two months of the beginning of the employment. To choose out of working on a Sunday the employee must give the employer three months notice of their purpose to halt working on Sundays. This must be done in composing [ 4 ] . An employer is under no duty to offer the employee alternate hours of work in topographic point of the Sunday responsibilities [ 5 ] and employees declining to work on Lord's daies are likely to happen themselves losing the rewards they would hold received had he worked [ 6 ] . Employers are non allowed to handle employees unfavorably because they have opted out of working on a Sunday. If an employee is dismissed for declining to work on a Sunday he will be entitled to claim unjust dismissal [ 7 ] . In order for the employer to alter the on the job hours of the employee and new contract would hold to be issued, which would so necessitate the consent of the employee before it could be enforced. In Robinson v Swallowfield Consumer Products [ 8 ] the tribunal allowed the entreaty where two of the employees refused to subscribe the new contract issued by the employer designed to change their working hours. The tribunal stated that there should be a grade of flexibleness in the displacements offered and that disregarding the complainants for declining to subscribe the new understanding could amount to unjust dismissal. Similarly in Headley V Copygraphic Ltd [ 9 ] the tribunal found that the complainants had been wrongly dismissed for declining to alter their working hours. In Gillanders v Riding Hall Carpets [ 10 ] the complainant won a claim for unjust dismissal when his employer introduced a new Rota system which required the complainant to work at weekends. The tribunal held that the complainant was entitled to decline the fluctuation in hours. A farther point raised by the inquiry is in relation to the figure of hours that George is working per hebdomad. In his contract his declared hours are 40 hours per hebdomad. It would look from the above that George has been working in surplus of this figure of hours for the last six months. Carpet universe could be in breach of the Working Time Regulations 1998 Reg 4 [ 11 ] and the Working Time Directive 93/104 Art 6 ( 2 ) if he has been working more than 48 hours per hebdomad [ 12 ] . In this peculiar state of affairs if George should hold spoken to his employer and pointed out that under his employment contract he was merely expected to work 2 weekends in every four and that the maximal figure of weekend yearss he would be required to work was four a month. He could reason that necessitating him to work more than the in agreement sum was a breach of the employment contract and he could decline to make the excess hours. If the employer dismissed him for declining so George would be entitled to claim unjust dismissal as mentioned in the instances supra. As besides discussed above as George is a store worker he could choose out of Sunday work if he so wished. To make this he would hold to subject notice to his employer in authorship of his purpose to choose out. The employer could non so implement the weekend working regulation in regard of Sunday work against George. George could take a firm stand on working no more than the in agreement 40 hours a hebdomad unless he has signed an understanding under the Working Time Directive 93/104 to work a upper limit of 48 hours. If the employment contract states that the on the job hours can be variable the employer would non necessitate the understanding of the employee before changing the hours. If the hours are fixed hours and the employer wishes to alter these there must be an understanding between the employer and the employee. Such alterations should so be incorporated into a new contract of employment. An employer can avoid a claim for breach of contract if he can non make an understanding with the employee with respect to altering the on the job hours. He can accomplish this by ending the original contract of employment and offering the employee a new contract on the new footings. The expiration of the contract will be regarded as a dismissal which would let an employee who objected to the alteration in the working hours to prosecute a claim for unjust dismissal or constructive dismissal if appropriate. If any employee does non object to a alteration in the working hours and continues to work the new displacements they have been given an illation will be drawn by the tribunals that the employee has acceded to the alteration in the working hours. Where the employee works the new hours but under protest so the employee will still be entitled to claim for breach of contract at a ulterior phase as they have non accepted the fluctuation in their hours even though they have continued to transporting on working those hours. In this peculiar instance the tribunals may good make up one's mind that every bit George has non objected to the alteration of hours and has worked the new hours for a period of six months that he has accepted the new hours. If he can abduce grounds to demo he has objected to the new hours but still worked them so he would be entitled to purse an action for breach of contract. When looking at whether George can claim for unjust dismissal it is necessary to analyze the allegations being made by the company and whether they adhered to the right process for disciplinary proceedings. Under the Employment Act 2002 ( Dispute Resolutions ) Regulations 2004 [ 13 ] amendments were added to the Employment Act 2002 doing it a direct demand that employers must hold a disciplinary process in topographic point that meets the demands laid down by the Regulations [ 14 ] . Under these ordinances an employer must supply in composing the alleged behavior or fortunes complained of that has led to the employer taking such action [ 15 ] . A transcript of the statement should be given to the employee and he should be invited to a meeting to discourse the affair [ 16 ] . The employee has to be given a sensible chance to see his response to the information given [ 17 ] . It would look from the information above that the company have non followed the right process for disciplinary action which would intend that George would be entitled to claim for unjust dismissal [ 18 ] . The company could reason that the pickings of the information from the selling file and puting this onto a phonograph record is a direct breach of the employment contract. This would be peculiarly applicable if carpet universe discovered George’s programs to put up his ain concern. The clause of his contract states that he can non utilize the concern information for any other intent than to carry through his responsibilities under the contract. By George utilizing the information with a position to puting up his ain concern it could be viewed that he has stolen information which is extremely confidential from the concern and that such information would be classed as trade secrets [ 19 ] . If the company became cognizant of this they could prosecute an action against George for breach of contract [ 20 ] . They could utilize this breach to disregard George from their employment as he has accessed trade secrets for his ain personal usage. It is by and large accepted by the tribun als that restraint clauses sing the usage of confidential information are a necessary necessity in a concern and are hence adhering on an employee [ 21 ] . In regard of the restraint clauses at that place needs to be an scrutiny of the usage of such clauses to make up one's mind whether these can be enforceable against George. Restraint clauses are often incorporated into contracts of employment and as such are likely to be treated by the tribunals as adhering [ 22 ] . In the instance of Dawnay, Day & A ; Co Ltd & A ; another V D’Alphen & A ; Others [ 23 ] the tribunal reached the decision that the usage of restrictive compacts was lawful. The facts of this peculiar instance are really similar to the state of affairs of George in that the complainant had placed restrictive compacts into the contract of employment to the consequence that anyone go forthing the company could non fall in a similar company or put up their ain concern in a similar trade to that of the complainant. If these clauses had non been in the original contract of employment and had been incorporated into the footings of employment at a ulterior clip the compacts would merely be adhering if the employee signed the new understanding.In the instance of Willow Oak Developments Ltd ( t/a Windsor Recruitment ) V Silverwood & A ; Ors [ 24 ] it was held by the tribunal that the dismissal of employees for declining to subscribe the new contract incorporating the restrictive compacts was unjust. They held that the employees should be entitled to reinstatement or compensation. It would look from the above that rug universe would be able to prosecute an action for a breach of the compacts if he continued with his program to put up his ain concern after go forthing the company. George could merely avoid such action if he refrained from similar work for the following twelvemonth or if he set up a similar concern outside of the in agreement radius. If George did put up a new concern outside of the radius he would still be prevented from using any staff working for rug universe for the first 6 months of his new concern as the compact prevents him from beging fellow employees within that clip span. If George adhered to the contents of the restraint clauses he would be able to put up his ain concern without action being brought against him. Bibliography Berry, A,Covering with your Judgment of dismissal in One Week,2000, Hodder & A ; Stoughton Inns of Court Law School,Employment Law in Practice,7ThursdayEd, 2006, Oxford University Press Painter, R & A ; Holmes, A,Cases and Materials on Employment Law,2006, Oxford University Press Rich, M, Edwards, I, Mead, H,Mead’s Unfair Dismissal,1994, Sweet and Maxwell Employment Law Journal 2006, vol 73 ( Sep ) , 9-11 Table of Cases Brake Bros Ltd V Ungless [ 2004 ] EWHC 2799 Canadian Worldwide Express V Smith [ 2005 ] EWHC 671 Corporate Express Ltd v Day [ 2004 ] EWHC 2943 Dawnay, Day & A ; Co Ltd & A ; another V D’Alphen & A ; Others [ 1997 ] EWCA Civ1753 ( 22 Gillanders v Riding Hall Carpets [ 1974 ] I.R.L.R. 327 Headley V Copygraphic Ltd [ 1996 ] C.L.Y. 2627 Leeds Rugby Ltd v Harris [ 2005 ] EWHC 1591 London Borough of Lambeth & A ; Ors v Corlett [ 2006 ] UKEAT 0396 Lynch V Bromley Arts Council Employment Appeal Tribunal 13 February 2007 May 1997 ) McLean V Rainbow Homeloans Ltd [ 2007 ] I.R.L.R. 14 Odoemelam v Whittington Hospital NHS Trust Employment Appeal Tribunal 6 February 2007 Robinson v Swallowfield Consumer Products Employment Appeal Tribunal 29 March 2000 Sayers v Cambridgeshire CC [ 2006 ] EWHC 2029 [ 2007 ] I.R.L.R. 29 Spencer Jones V Timmens Freeman [ 1974 ] I.R.L.R. 325 UKEAT 0005 Thomas V Farr Plc [ 2007 ] EWCA Civ 118 Times, February 27, 2007 Weir & A ; Anor ( The Firm of Brae Cottage Residential Home ) v Stewart [ 2006 ] Willow Oak Developments Ltd ( t/a Windsor Recruitment ) V Silverwood & A ; Ors [ 2005 ] UKEAT ( 20 October 2005 ) Table of Legislative acts Employment Rights Act 1996 Employment Act 2002 Working Time Regulations 1998 Working Time Directive 93/104 Employment Act 2002 ( Dispute Resolutions ) Regulations 2004 1

Psychological Approach – Wuthering Heights

According to Freud, there are three different kinds of mental processes that result in three kinds of personalities. These are Id, Ego and Superego. These three parts in Freud’s model of the psyche help explain mental maturity and development. In Emily Bronte’s novel Wuthering Heights, Catherine symbolizes the impressionable ego and was pulled between Heathcliff, which represents the id, and Edgar, which represents superego. Her struggle between these two opposing forces and inability to choose between them is what ultimately lead her into delirium.The id in Freud’s model of the psyche is related to the man’s instinctive attitude and desires. According to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, people seek to meet their physiological and safety needs before moving on to fulfill their desire for love and belonging. As a child, Heathcliff was far more occupied with trying to survive on the streets of Liverpool than emotional development. After being taken in by Mr. Earnshaw, and thus freed from these more basic desires, Heathcliff was allowed cultivate these feelings of love and belonging in Catherine.Conversely, because of Hindley’s abusiveness, especially in the wake of the death of their father, Catherine had to turn to Heathcliff to fulfill her desire for love and belonging. Perpetually, Heathcliff became representative of the fulfillment of these desires to Catherine. On the other hand, the superego is representative of society and focuses on balance, proper behavior, and goodness. Obviously, Edgar is the archetypal example of this idea. As the Linton siblings were born into privilege, both Edgar and Isabella had their physiological and safety needs fulfilled very early on.They were raised to be sophisticated, independent, and developed members of society. During her stay at Thrushcross Grange, Catherine recognized these more developed traits in Edgar, and instinctively tried to gravitate towards developing her own superego in his presence. This was demonstrated in Catherine’s desire to become more womanlike and cultured and her subsequent transformation at her return five weeks later from her stay at Thrushcross. Thus, as the result of her development of her id with Heathcliff and uperego with Edgar, Catherine is heavily entwined in her relationships between both of these characters. The ego of Freud’s model aims to keep a balance by negotiating with the id and pleasing the superego, and Catherine is the prime example of this as she tried to balance her life between Heathcliff and Edgar. Though Catherine intuitively gravitated to Edgar because of his more advanced psyche, she couldn’t bear to leave Heathcliff, whom she believes is more representative of herself.In fact, both Heathcliff and Catherine grew to be so emotionally intertwined that Catherine professed to Nelly, â€Å"I am Heathcliff,† indicating that she put much more devotion and significance in her relationship wit h Heathcliff over Edgar. Therefore, this pull in her psyche between what she should be drawn to and what she actually desires is what ultimately makes Catherine spiral down into madness. Though there were other factors to take into consideration that lead to Catherine’s descent into insanity, ultimately it is her ambivalence between her id (Heathcliff) and superego (Edgar) that pulls her into two.

Associate Degree Nursing as Compared to Baccalaureate Degree Nursing Ess

It has been shown that a nurse’s level of education can become a major factor to the safety and quality of care of their patients because of this there has been an increase in studies over the years that directly examine patient outcomes in similar situations between Associate Degree Nursing (AD) and Baccalaureate Degree Nursing further know as (BSN) (Fagin, 2001) The states of New York and Texas conducted separate studies that were done in the year 1996. Both of these studies agree on the point that there is a significantly higher degree in levels of medication errors and procedural mistakes made by nurses that are from AD Degree and Diploma Degree nurses as compared to that of a BSN Nurse and AD degree nurses were destined to be charged nine times more often with violations than those with a BSN degree. These results are equivalent with the results disclosed in the July/August 2002 issue of Nurse Educator magazine (Fagin, 2002, para. 50). Research has also shown that when you have a shortage of registered nurses at the baccalaureate and higher degree it is endangering the safety of the patient. Comparatively in a study done at the University of Pennsylvania they found that patients experienced a significantly lower death and failure to reWhen Care Becomes a Burden: Diminishing access to adequate nursing. Retrieved from Milbank Memorial Fund: http://www.milbank.org/reports/WhenCareBecomesBurden_Fagin.pdf Giger, J. N., Davidhizar, R. E. (2006, December 22). Conceptual and theoretical approaches to patient care: associate versus baccalaureate degree prepared nurses. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 15, 1009 - 1015. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.1990.tb01980.x Green, (1996). (Survey). State Education Department/University of the State of New York Johnson, J. H. (1988). Differences in the performance of baccalaureate, associate degree and diploma nurses. Research in Nursing and Health, 11, 183-197. Rosseter, R. J. (2010, March 18). Fact Sheet: The Impact of Education on Nursing Practice (Fact Sheet). Retrieved from American Association of Colleges of Nurses: http://www.aacn.nche.edu/media/pdf/EdImpact.pdf

Research Paradigms, Knowledge and Practice Essay

Research Paradigms, Knowledge and Practice - Essay Example 5). This essay identifies and critically discusses the research paradigms to be the most relevant to the development of nursing knowledge: positivism/empiricism and phenomenology/interpretivism. Nursing has progressed as a unique discipline through the application of theories from other academic fields and the advancement of clinical research. The discipline of nursing focuses on the personal circumstances of individual patients. In essence, this suggests that research to enhance the clinical practice of nursing should focus on environmental factors and individual attributes that are not open to plain quantitative approach. Nursing has formulated research paradigms to address these challenging issues. The discipline of nursing revealed that there is a need to expand the foundation of nursing knowledge, and research is the best way to accomplish such goal. Focus of the Discipline of Nursing The discipline of nursing gradually grew from established theories, intuition, religious belief s, apprenticeship, philanthropic intentions, and traditional women’s role, as well as diverse impact of feminism, economics, politics, technology, and medicine (Shaw, 1993). Florence Nightingale, the first practitioner of nursing, described nursing as a field of study that has social relevance and structured concepts different from the field of medicine. However, M.E. Roger’s (1970 as cited in Shaw, 1993, p. 1651) more recent holistic perspective of individuals have become an important foundation in developing theory by characterizing nursing as ‘an art and a science’ and by creating a concrete starting point for testing theories. Donaldson and Crowley (1978), in their seminal work, identify a discipline as â€Å"a unique perspective, a distinct way of viewing all phenomena, which ultimately defines the limits and nature of its inquiry† (as cited in Rich, 2010, p. 26). Nursing practitioners have long tried to identify, investigate, understand, and e xplain the concepts fundamental to the discipline of nursing—nursing, environment, health, and person. Issues defining the limits for nursing research and practice involve (Shaw, 1993, p. 1651): (a) laws and principles governing life processes and well-being of humans, (b) influences of the environment on human behavior, (c) processes whereby nursing positively affects health, and (d) families and communities as a focus of nursing practice. Several researchers found out an agreement on the frequent topics and similarities fundamental to nursing research and inquiry. Development of knowledge in a discipline could progress from a number of scientific and philosophic worldviews. The focus of nursing as a discipline has developed most significantly over the recent decades. Several concepts have been determined as fundamental to the discipline of nursing. A case in point is the often mentioned tetralogy, namely, ‘person, environment, nursing, and health’ (Polifroni & Welch, 1999, p. 20). Although recognition of these concepts helps simplify the focus of nursing, there is still the importance of social relevance and apparent interrelatedness to define the discipline that makes up nursing (Keele, 2010). Unrelated concepts do not create the scientific or philosophic questions that encourage inquiry. The discipline of n

Week 3_H Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Week 3_H - Assignment Example The attacker always tries to find a way to prevent the users from communicating, therefore the system administrators need to implement methods that are secure and that prevents the entry of unauthorized persons in to the network. The outside attacker tries to obtain the shared key to make attacks. This attack can be prevented by using robust authentication methods such as strong passwords. It is important also to test whether the server is broken so as to keep maximum protection for the system. Inside attackers are operators within the system who sniff passwords and receive the shared key. An insider attacker should be prevented from attacks by using antispyware software and malware software (Kate, et al., 2004). Attackers ordinarily use Trojans, malware and spyware to sniff-passwords that they use to receive the shared key (Mahalanobis, 2005). It is important that the network is clean of such applications. If x and y have the same value then the DHp will the key will be generated as a multiple of the new key factor x. DHP has key multiple resistance and therefore it will calculate the key value by first finding out the number of first user who selected the key. DHP has key resistance properties, it also is key independent and also process the security for the same key multiple

Strategy, Business Information and Analysis Assignment - 2

Strategy, Business Information and Analysis - Assignment Example When a company does not know how to tackle the complexity being contributed by the external factors, the only option for addressing such issues would be to develop, design and implement a strategy. However, before going to implement, the strategy, it is highly significant to take into account the external and internal factors along with considering the examples of successful and failed strategies. In the following parts of this paper, first strategy has been defined in which Mintzberg’s 5Ps have been included. Subsequently, it is followed by the evolution of the word ‘strategy† has been provided. After that part, different schools of thoughts have also been included. Before the part addressing the question of strategy construction, the answer of the question (Does strategy matter?) has been provided. Strategy is a broad term (Snyder, 1999). Strategy has a specific definition and sense particularly within the context of business (Campbell et al. 2002). In this regard, Mintzberg (1987) defines strategy can have five different types of definitions: plan, ploy, pattern, position and perspective. And each is separately defined and explained below. Strategy can be defined as a plan (Mintzberg, 1987). It can be a course of action, a set of guidelines for carrying out specific actions for dealing with a particular situation (Mintzberg, 1987). Mintzberg (1987) further explains that this definition has two dimensions: the plans are developed in advance and concentrated and careful efforts are utilised for developing such plan. Subsequently, strategy can work as a ploy (Mintzberg, 1987). In this type of situation, an organisation tries to manoeuvre for the purpose of discouraging competitors from taking certain strategic action Mintzberg (1987). In this type of strategy, the organisation is not really interested to implement what it

Hotel Paris Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Hotel Paris - Essay Example Hotel Paris The various problems in this context are studied and analysed in the study and suitable recommendations are provided for eliminating the gaps and attaining a greater association between compensation plans in the organization and strategic objectives of the company. It is also aimed at attaining greater satisfaction and contentment of employees such they are adequately motivated to perform up to the desired standards in the organization. Challenge 1 The present compensation structure in the company is highly unstructured, unplanned and unsophisticated. In this, the pay range for workers is too narrow and does not differentiate much between them at different positions, such as front desk clerks, security guards etc. â€Å"Like several other HR systems at the Hotel Paris, the compensation programs were unplanned and unsophisticated........................each job category†. Challenge 2 Maintaining a salary standard which is competitive in the market seems to be inadequate to attain the best contributions and performance of employees. Also the compensation structures are not enough to motivate them to perform to their best abilities. They remain frustrated and discontented and this leads to high employee turnovers and attritions. â€Å"For example, the firm’s policy is simply to pay its employees a competitive salary...............extraordinarily service oriented workforce†. ... â€Å"The company has given little thought to tying general pay levels or individual employees' pay to the company's strategic goals†. Solutions Solution 1 Firstly a well defined job roles and responsibilities must be created for all positions in the organizations which include front line employees, securities, staffs, back-end workers, management executives etc. Compensation structures must be developed according to this structure and must be generated as per educational qualifications of employees, numbers of years of experience and position and designation in the organization. It is to be ensured that there is no overlap between the salary slabs for the different positions. This is important in order to differentiate between the positional roles of employees. The same salary from two different levels would necessarily de-motivate employees at the higher level of the hierarchy (Mathis & Jackson, 2011, p.153). Solution 2 Finally, setting a compensation standard at par with th e industry standard would not be effective in retaining or attracting talents in the organization. There can be multiple organizations paying similar compensation and employees would be easily tempted towards them. Thus it is recommended that the compensation level must be a step higher than the industry standards in order to attract and retain talents from the industry. However, a fair proportion of the gross salary must be performance based. This would not only help to get potential candidates but also help to motivate them to perform to the best of their ability in the organization. Besides this, it would also serve the purpose of controlling employee attritions to a

This is an individual assignment. You are to research an actual Essay

This is an individual assignment. You are to research an actual example of IT leveraging business advantage at an operational level - Essay Example The presence of fierce competition and cost restraints in the present world economic scenario make a proactive approach to envision the future results beforehand and implement appropriate measures to achieve desired results and targets is absolutely necessary. In this report the role played by the IBM Corporation in developing such strategies to enhance multifarious businesses with hardware and software solutions has been studied. The latest innovative ideas implemented by this leader in automation and IT have been incorporated in the report. Practical implementation of an IT strategy by a leader in an online gaming industry has been studied and researched up to some extent from the results obtained by it after choosing a particular IBM product. Information Technology (IT) has grown at a tremendous pace in the last decade and has left no aspect of business or human life untouched. Banking, Healthcare, Education, The Stock Market, etc. are on the verge of being exclusively run using IT. The growth in the IT industry however has not been uniform, as advances in hardware and software development have been influenced by the exclusive needs and requirements of large corporation and governments. This has produced a haphazard pattern of growth in the IT sector and the experts in the field have initiated efforts only very recently to restructure it to be uniform, efficient as well as cost effective. Almost all businesses in the developed and the developing countries are being run using latest and the most modern aspects of IT. Institutions like banks, the hotel industry, fast food chains, fast moving consumer goods industry and others have surpassed their competitors by miles using IT to leverage their businesses. One such organization is the IBM Corporation which was the pioneering organization in ushering the computer age in this century.

Business Strategy and Organization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Business Strategy and Organization - Essay Example The strategic coalition with industry's professional's commitment to delivering the right manufacturing product to targeted consumer with cost effective approaches (Klijn 2007). Therefore, the current market industry efforts are in the strategic management performance with regards to a focused platform of customer satisfaction. The approach is a review of the competitive advantages of the overall site process methods. The measures make it clear that what are the best practices to use in today's social networking industry from the original concept of stages of quality strategic management system. The approach will outline the fundamental concept of acknowledging the applied quality strategic management which would aim at the consumers. The defining of the competitor edge provides the platform to reassure that the gained research data on networking is implemented successfully. The current market industry analysis for competitive organizations is to acquire an IT structure that delivers results in a business application industry through phases. The advantages are in the platform of using a synergy with the SaaS innovation, in order to form creative IT technology. This approach provides for a method to increasing sales in the targeted market. The IT technology offered by the industry is to present the product/service to a winning strategy for a long lasting effort to reach the market industry standards goals. The current industry role in modeling the three main phases of outputting the business applications for consumers are inputs, performances, and outcomes: Inputs Performances Outcomes Entry of user and passwords Quantity of work Confirmation of authorization Time assess to transfer Quality of work Concluded access Security Safety rules/regulation Variety of Benefits High level Platform Game Levels Extended areas of focus data Key areas sorted Demonstrated ability Data relayed New level fields Manageability Signed off conclusion of data Joined links Faster deliver Visual data displayed Figure A. According to Lynch's (2009) article, the Dell Corporation focused on low cost leadership in the computer industry that relied on operations and manufacturing skills. This approach provides the fundamental concept of current market industry trends to be succeeding in business on different platforms. The industry target market that represents businesses sizes of 500k-1million with a customer base of 3,500 to 8,000 can proactively hone on the beneficial aspects to delivering applications that address market concerns (Informationweek.com 2009). The industry competitive review of the concepts presented the streamline of criterion that allows a steady formation to synergize the core attributes of the product and service. The strategic fundamental aspect of establishing a strong IT strategic management scope within the organization is to achieve the desired goals and results. The IT strategic management scope can accomplish tasks outside of the normal activities within the confinement of the organization to acquire the outcome. The SaaS objective in the current market is too solely initiative IT management protocols for a successful implementation of a proposed plan initiative. The business identified industry competit

An Invaluable Study with Slight Setbacks A Review of Weeks Coming Out Essay

An Invaluable Study with Slight Setbacks A Review of Weeks Coming Out - Essay Example A closer examination, however, of how specific social events influenced homosexual identity would have greatly aided in creating an understanding of the relationship and origins homosexual identity has in British society. Thus, Weeks emphasizes the structural existence of homosexuality, while failing to consider the forces that might have established this structure. "We tend to think now that the word 'homosexual' has an unvarying meaning, beyond time and history." Weeks writes. "In fact it is itself a product of history, a cultural artifact designed to express a particular concept." (3) Often who we define as a homosexual runs no further than the sexual acts in which a person engages. The basis of this definition, however, fails to consider what type of person is or is not a homosexual. Weeks suggests that the reasons for crafting this shallow connotation towards homosexuality appears to have been to provide a standard on which to label permissible and impressible behavior and also to limit the number of those who are viewed as untraditional. In addition to carefully describing the differences between historical and social aspects of homosexuality, Weeks makes sure to describe the differences in treatment towards various types of "homosexuals." Weeks pays particular consideration towards Lesbians, who Weeks describes as "invisible women" (80) and who debatably may have suffered even more hardships than homosexual men. Like most gender studies, Weeks also tackles the objective of showing that although the idea of "homosexuality" is a product of specific circumstances, homosexuality is wide ranging and alludes any historical or cultural constructs. After the introductory section of this book, these two objectives are placed in the background as tools for understanding the history of homosexuality in Britain.As Weeks linearly traces the development of homosexual struggles in England, he crafts the notion that the acceptance of homosexuality in England is growing significantly. Thus, homosexuality appears to be escaping the negative conceptions with which it has previously been associated. Weeks primarily bases his argument that the acceptance of homosexuality in England is growing by citing the increasing number of gay rights supporters. After levels of prejudice against homosexual rose to peak levels after World War II, radical movements in the 1970's by the Gay Liberation Front resulted in stagger numbers of supporters and gay badge wearers. Furthermore, Weeks makes a slight mention that homosexuality was once even more confined than is has been over the course of the previous centuries. Although homosexuality was prevalent, occurring in "knightly orders," "medieval scandals," and certain "monarch courts" (35), it was always confined. In Weeks's portrait of the widening acceptance of homosexuality throughout the previous century, he fails to create an in-depth portrait of how England's various cultural and economic transitions helped to impact perspectives of homosexuality. The book is not without its failures. I

Financial loss Essay Example for Free

Financial loss Essay This article is about crime and poverty and it also looks at the crimes that happen to the super rich and why a super rich person would risk everything for more money. There is no clear definition of what crime is but crime can be looked at in many different ways. In his book, what is a crime; Henry states that it has got multiple dimensions since there are the crimes that happen in the society and also those that happen nationally. Crime is harmful acts in the society which cause pain to their victims. (150) Poverty is a state of not being able to provide oneself with basic needs due to lack of money and resources. (Henry 150) It is a state where one feels deprived by circumstances of their most needs and not being able to live comfortably in their day to day activities due to lack of resources and other needs upon which are very basic. (Henry 150) Crime and poverty are intertwined in that due to lack of provision of needed basics poverty pushes people to crime. Crime According to the book by (Stuart Henry 2001), there are offenses which are committed and are contrary to the rules and laws set in the society. A crime is an offences which is considered immoral as well as illegal in the society. It is the deviation from the social norms as well as values. (154) Crime is a behavior which is unacceptable and it is done by its perpetrators by choice but it is also outlawed by the state. Crimes are also detrimental to the community. These acts of harm should be determined according to the circumstances in which they occurred. (Henry 158) Poverty (Henry Stuart 2001) states that this is the shortage of basic needs and common things which a person needs for the day to day survival such as food, water, shelter, clothing and which all determine ones quality of life. (135) It comes with lack of basics which are needed also to enhance a good life for someone. Good education needs to be supplemented with a good income and hence an eventual good life. Poverty suppresses comfort in life where one is not able to make ends meet. Poverty also deprives one services, goods and pleasures which are enjoyed by others who are not poor. In fact poor people are in a class of their own and those that have in abundant may take for granted some of the needs that the poor have. (Henry 136) Crime and poverty Crime and poverty are interrelated. It is enhanced by the social mobility of a country or a nation. If the social mobility of a country is stagnant then we have poverty and crime as we don’t have any development whatsoever. (Henry 138) There are social ills of a society that make people poor like poor infrastructure lack of adequate housing , unemployment and others that make people in the society poor materially and spiritually. According to the book what is Crime (2001) for crime to be eliminated in the society then poverty has to be eliminated first. Crime is also cause by forces of the social breakdown. For one to be eliminated, however the other has to first be eliminated. (Henry 149) Lack of education leads to one not getting a good job and becomes poor, desperate and angry and also depressed. The idleness leads to the formation of gangs and thoughts of how to commit crime. This is primarily due to lack of opportunities. (Henry 155) According to (Henry Stuart 2001) money is very tempting to the poor and once offered it forced one to engage in any sort of crime in order to supplement income. Poverty makes people needy and hence exploitation where the poor are enticed into crime for money especially where there is no any government intervention. (174) Rich countries experience this since the cost of living keeps rising, while wages remain stagnant hence the gap between the rich and the poor widens and thus the poor become poorer while the rich get richer. Only the intervention of the government can arrest this by doing more for a nation on order for the people to be able to uplift themselves and consequently their standards of living. (Henry 172) Why a Super Rich Person Would Risk Everything For More Money According to Ferdinand Lundberg, the super rich people are the people who have a social class in the society and it consists of those with power as well as wealth. They are entrepreneurs, investors and that is where their income comes from and hence they benefit from capital gains. (69) They have a status in the society and they must keep up with the maintenance of this status. It is very expensive to maintain this status and hence they would risk everything for more money. Maintenance They prefer to live in expensive homes and they own many homes. The costs of maintaining these homes are very high since they come with luxury like pools, guest houses as well as tennis courts and hence they have to need loads of money for the maintenance of this. (Lundberg 68) Staff The super rich require a lot of staff who run their homes. This comes with their status since they are super rich they have people who run their homes and for them to maintain their status they need money for the upkeep to these staff. (Irvin 159) Cost In his book Irvin states that since the lifestyle of the super rich is luxurious they are not able to cut costs since they deal with high costs including the best and the most expensive things. They have to continue with this tend of only having the most expensive and they need more and more money for them to keep this status up. (163) Friends (Lundberg 76) states in his book that they are in a social class and their circle of friends is in their same status. The super rich would not risk not having more money as this would make their friends look down on them. For them to maintain the friends in their social class and also fro them to remain on top and maintain their status they need more money and they would risk anything for more money. (Lundberg 77) Financial loss In his book (Irvin 168) the super rich fear to suffer from financial loss since the same characteristics that give them the ability to achieving wealth are the same that may cause loss of financial freedom and this can cause devastation to the super rich so they would risk everything for more money. Pressure created by wealth There is much that is expected from the super rich. This makes it hard for them to just sit back and enjoy what they already have but they have to keep proving that they are still wealthy and so they would risk for more money. (Irvin 169) Pressure Created By Wealth According to (Irvin 150) there is much that is expected from the super rich. This makes it hard for them to just sit back and enjoy what they already have but they have to keep proving that they are still wealthy and so they would risk for more money. They are under a lot of pressure from the society to keep making more and more money and hence they keep doing more for more money as they look at the success of those around them as well as their friends in the same social status. (Irvin 152) Crimes That Happen To The Super Rich Blackmail (Lundberg 82) states that the super rich are protective of their lavish lifestyle and they also wish to maintain their image as clean and they don’t like exposure in the society f their misgivings. One of the crime they suffer from is blackmail where someone threatens them with revealing some true information about them to the public, any other person that they may not wish for them to know their particular it of information or even to a business partner. (Lundberg 82) The said information could cause them embarrassment or could damage them socially if revealed and people wishing to blackmail the super rich know that they would be willing to meet any demand made upon the victim in order fro this information not to be revealed. Kidnapping According to the book the Rich and the Super Rich Lundberg states that this is a crime of taking someone away against their will to further another crime or for a ransom. The super rich suffer this crime where their family member, wife, husband, child is kidnapped and the kidnapers ask for a ransom of money from the family to secure the release of that person. The person is taken against his will and is falsely imprisoned until the said amount of money is paid to secure their release. (80) The super rich are known to be willing to do this as they have a lot of money and they can be able to honor the kidnappers demands in exchange of the false imprisonment of the person. (Lundberg 80) Credit Card Fraud In his book Super Rich Irvin feels that this is the information and data of the said super rich person is obtained and compromised this information on a credit card thus carrying out the transaction using the said card pausing as the real card holder. (146) Since the super rich are believed to have a lot of money this credit card is used to obtain goods or even to get funds from an account hence this is done fraudulently. (Irvin 147) Conclusion According to (Henry 136) Crime is the cause of harm and pain to the one that it is directed to while poverty is the state of not being able to provider for basic necessities. Crime and poverty are inter related and one cannot e eliminated before the other, since poverty leads people to lack good jobs and hence are not able to earn good money or provide for themselves ultimately. They therefore turn into crime due to stress and also as powerful people lure them into crime for money which they need desperately due to poverty. (Henry 136) The super rich suffer from crimes directed to them due to the strong believe that they have a lot of money. (Irvin 145) However the status of the super rich is luxurious and high and due to this social status it is important for them to maintain it and hence they would risk everything for more money. References:- Ferdinand Lundberg. The Rich and the Super rich. New York: Nelson Publishers, 1998. George Irvin. Super Rich. U. K: Polity Publishers, 2008. Stuart Henry. What is Crime. Washington: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers, 2001.

Institutional Structures Of Brazil And China Economics Essay

Institutional Structures Of Brazil And China Economics Essay There are a number of factors that multi-national corporations ought to consider before investing in another country. The challenges that are faced vary from country to country. In some cases there are similarities within the institutional structures of these countries that may attract corporations to take advantage of the favorable factors. On the other hand some instructional structures are capable of limiting the policy alternatives available to investors and other policy makers. The control in power among government organizations such as the legislative, judicial and executive makes it difficult for the policy making process to be reviewed. This paper seeks to analyze and discuss five areas of the institutional structures of Brazil and china that are likely to influence global corporations like OPEC to invest in the petroleum industry of another country. A discussion of the comparative attractiveness of these markets is also presented after the assessment of the two countries. A brief back ground of the two countries is also presented. A logical conclusion is drawn from such assessment at the end of this paper. overview of Brazil With the exploitation of large natural resources and a large labor intensive economy, Brazil has risen to the position of being the leading economic power in South America as a major emerging economy. Revenues from the production and supply of oil have made a significant contribution to the development of the economy. Petrobras (a major oil producing company in Brazil founded in the year 1953) has established itself as the biggest oil company in the Latin America in terms of revenue and market capitalization; according to the rankings from Latin Business Chronicle, Petrobras 2008 revenue was 118.3 billion. While the company (Petrobras) has withdrawn itself from being Brazils legal monopolist in the petroleum industry in 1997, it continues to play a significant role as a major oil producer, with production exceeding 2 million barrels of oil per day. Information presented on CIA- world fact a book show that in 2008 Brazils estimated oil production in barrels of oil equivalent per day w as 2.422 million. The country is governed under the 1988 constitution of amendment, of which it is presently being run by the federal republic (government type). The countrys president (leader of government) who is elected into office by the highest votes can serve a four year term (and may do so on two terms), has both the positions of the head of state and head of government. Brazil has an increasing economy based primarily on financial, service, manufacturing and trade (Britannica concise encyclopedia, 2010). With an increasing and developing agricultural, mining, manufacturing and service sectors, Brazil is placed at the top of all the countries within South America. This has allowed the country to accomplish a well established position in the global market and economy. According to a report produced by the World Economic Forum, the Brazilian economy was ranked as the top country in rising evolution of competitiveness in 2009. Brazil posses a large mineral wealth comprising of iron ore, tin, quartz, industrial diamonds, gem stones, gold, uranium, bauxite and platinum. The newly found offshore oil and natural gas deposits can place the country in the position of being a major gas and petroleum producer. The country also has a very large food processing and the principal manufacturing industries produce of products such as shoes, chemicals, steel, aircraft textile and machinery. The main source of Brazils electricity comes from water power, and it has a great untouched potential for hydroelectricity, more so in the Amazon basin. Brief overview of Russia Russia has gone through a period of industrialization since the disintegration of the Soviet Union (in 1991) shifting from an internationally-isolated, predominantly planned economy to a market-oriented and internationally-integrated economy. The economic restructuring and development process which began in the 1990s has witnessed the nationalization of most industry, with the distinct exclusion in the energy and security-related sectors. Today, Russia has been experiencing significant economic development as one of the major emerging market. In addition, Russia has a favorable balance of trade where exports exceed imports in a significant way. According to CIA-the world fact book, Russias estimated exports for 2008 and 2009 are 471.6 billion and 295.6 billion respectively, whereas their imports for the same period are 291.9 billion and 196.8 billion respectively. Russias Petroleum industry is another major contributor to the economy and is one of the biggest oil producers in the glo bal market. According to a June 2009 report present by the Energy Information Administration, Russia is ranked the 2nd largest oil producer with the production of 9,677 thousand barrels of oil per day. The report also ranked Russia as the fourth biggest consumer of petroleum in the world with consumption of approximately 2,811 thousand barrels per day. As it relates to oil export, Russia is ranked as the 2nd biggest net exporter) with 6,866 thousand barrels per day. The government type of Russia is a Federal Republic which basically means that the country has a federation of states run by a Republican type of government. This type of government is comprised of both a President and a Prime Minister that jointly runs the countrys affairs. The President holds the position of head of state while the Prime Minister holds the position of head of state; the Executive authority is carried out by the government and the Legislative Authority is carried out by both the government and the two chambers of the Federal Assembly of Russia. The safe guarding of property rights issue has continued to be an area of serious concern while the strong state interference in private sector continues to be a norm. Russias industry is mainly divided between internationally competitive product producers. In 2009, Russia was the worlds biggest exporter of both petroleum and natural gas and was ranked in third spot as the biggest exporter of steel and main aluminum. In order for businesses to conduct foreign investments there are a few risk factors that can serve as barriers for investments. These risk factors could undermine growth and economic stability and they should be taken into consideration so that businesses would remain profitable and have sustainable market share in this competitive global era. Every business transactions have some level of risk. However, when business transaction takes place across global borders, additional risk is prevalent as oppose to domestic transactions. This section, examines the stability of both Brazil and Russia as it relates to the potential investment of Oil Industry. In order to compare and contrast both countries on its stability, considerations have to be given to the Political, Economic, Regulatory and Technological environment. Compare and contrast Brazil and Russia as it relates to political stability Brazil has a Federal Government type meaning their political environment is made up of a number of self-governing states united by a federal government (Babylon translation, 2004), whereas, Russia on the other hand is made up of a Constitutional Federation (Federal Republic). The issue here is whether governments action could affect the profitability of investing in Brazil or Russia. Brazil is a stable government who is open to the idea of foreign investors. It is the largest foreign direct investment recipient in Latin America, attracting an estimated USD 42 billion in 2008 (United Nations report). Although Brazil is considered as friendly or appropriate environment for investment, the governments implementation of high level taxation and regulatory requirements exist. Brazil has a cooperate tax of 34% as compared to Russia 20% (Brazil income taxes 2010). As a result, conducting business in Brazil as compared to Russia with taxation as the variable makes Russia more of an attractive market since businesses in Russia will have more disposable earning for expansionary purposes of the oil industry. The level of corruption in a country has far reaching ramification on investments and on the doing business climate. According to Transparency International (2010) which gives corruption perception indices on a scale of 1-10 (1 being highly corrupt and 10 being free from corruption), Brazil has a corruption perception index of 3.5 whereas; Russia has a corruption perception index of 2.3. Hence, Russia highly probability of investors in the oil industry being subjected to unfair business practices than that of Brazil. Compare and contrast Brazil and Russia as it relates to their Regulatory stability According to Bloombergs report (2008), the Brazilian economy grow at the fastest paste since 2004 and in sync with standards and poors report the country is expected to maintain annual growth up to 4.5%. This type of economic growth gives credit to the country for potential investment. Thus, the previous year Brazil recorded a record high of $34.6 billion foreign investment. This amount of foreign direct investment together with a tripled export rate will cover Brazils current account deficit (Standard and Poors, 2008). Brazil stable economy have drawn investors and trade agreements between Brazil and other countries. Russia on the other hand, economy has been contracting due to falling oil prices and trade disputes with neighbors. This has resulted in Russia being the first G-8 nation to be downgraded since the start of the global economic crisis. Russia has been struggling with rising inflation, high unemployment, negative economic growth and social unrest which have become a disin centive for foreign direct investment including that of the oil industry (Walker and Robbins, 2009). Compare and contrast Brazil and Russia as it relates to their Economic stability As every other country Russia has regulatory system in place, however as a result of corruption, regulations are not enforced as to aid in the fear treatment of investors. The influence of governments on prices, bureaucratic inconsistency and other forms of government controls detours investments in various sectors. The regulatory environment in Russia makes it difficult to start, operate and close a business. Bureaucratic procedures are drawn out and complicated. For example, obtaining a business license takes more than 18 procedures and 218 days (The heritage foundation 2010). Investment law is very subjective to federal law which allows Government a lot of discretionary control over foreign investment. That is to say, while investment laws speculate the national treatment or foreign investors, federal law is given the prerogative in the protection of the constitution and defense of state. In retrospect, the Russian government in 2006 introduced what is known as the strategic secto rs law under which interests by foreign investors must be pre-approved by the Russian government which has been marred by corruption (Russia been ranked 147 out of 149 countries on transparency international index or 2008 and bribery being rampant), inadequate infrastructure and unreliable contract enforcement. All of these factors affecting the oil industry in various ways. The court system however, in Brazil has proven to be highly ineffective. This is due to lack of human resource and efficient functionary equipment, especially when dealing with issues pertaining to shareholder rights and claims. This comparison shows that both markets have varying weaknesses as it relates to regulatory systems. However, specific to oil industry, Brazil has a comparative advantage in that, the country has had regulatory stability for over 10 years of petroleum Law (Hale, 2009). In addition to these, other factors influences the attractiveness of the market relative to the potential oil industry. Provided hereunder is the convertibility of currency which is another deeming factor that can influence investment opportunities in Brazil or Russia. Convertibility of Local Currency to Dollars The convertibility of a countrys local currency also plays an important role in further development of an economy. With the U.S dollar being the world reserve currency, developing countries would do well to have a close, if not full convertibility rate to the U.S dollar. In Brazil the currency used is the Brazilian Real (R$), also known as BRL. At present the exchange rate for Brazilian currency to the U.S dollar is 1.82 BRL to $1 U.S.D. Though not fully convertible, the Brazilian Real stands strong. Ever since 2003, the U.S dollar has fallen 50% against the BRL. The reason for the strength in the Brazilian Real is the fact that Brazils exports surpass its imports. Thus more foreign currency comes in, than the BRL goes out. This can affect the Brazilian currency positively as a convertible currency would mean free movement of capital, which can help strengthen the economy. Oil is in great demand all over, for it has a vast number of uses. If the oil industry were to come to Brazil it will yield much higher profits due to its close conversion rate to the US dollar of 1.82 BRL to $1 U.S.D as mentioned earlier. As of 2009, Brazil had the second largest oil reserves in the region of South America, of 12.6 billion barrels as was proven by The Oil and Gas Journal (OGJ). 2.4 billion barrels of oil was produced in Brazil each day and continued to rise throughout the years. With increases such as these, the Short-Term Energy Outlook forecasted as of September 2009, that oil production would reach around 2.61 million and 2.81 million in 2010. Brazil, in this respect clearly has high potential where the oil industry is concerned and would prove to be a profitable area for investors wishing to position their industry in the country. However, investors must still be cautious. Although Brazil is high on foreign exchange, in order to sustain this level of foreign currency coming into the country, and to deter inflation of their currency, trade barriers and the high tariffs ar e place on some goods to prevent or minimize imports. Taxes are also very high and are placed on all citizens in the country to cover government spending. So at the end of the day a heavy amount of a businesss profits would go towards paying taxes. So while an oil industry may work well in Brazil, there are other areas of concern that investors must take into consideration before selecting the country as a target market. Russia on the other hand has achieved full convertibility of its currency since the year 2006. Russias currency uses the ruble or RUB. At present, its rate to the US is 1 RUB to 0.03 US dollars. This therefore opens Russias economy to freer movement of trade and a major player in international financial markets (Encyclopedia.com, 2006). A fully convertible currency has gained Russia multiple benefits such as the opening of ruble accounts for both foreign and local investors alike and the advantage of investing in both foreign and domestic businesses. Russia is quickly becoming a globally established economy. However, there remain few problems with the Russian currency. According to The Worlds Favourite Currency Site, Russians inflation rate, compared to the US Dollar, is near 6.5 percent, while the ruble has weakened to 33 rubles per US dollar. Russia, as the largest oil producer on the globe, can suffer greatly from fluctuations. This is because as prices rise and fall, so must the prices of oil change to reflect. This, as a result, hinders the ability for the country to plan a proper budget for its economy and consequently, the ability to plan for expansionary purposes for the economy as a whole. Comparing and contrast trade agreements International relationship specific to the WTO and OPEC as it relates to the Brazil and Russia As the result of globalization, international relations between countries have become increasingly significant, hence the reason why, the rules regarding international trade became necessary. On average 52.3% of Russias total trade turnover takes place with the European Union which is also the biggest investor in Russia accounting for 75% of Russias foreign direct investment. Notwithstanding this, Russia is the worlds largest economy which is not part of the WTO and with Russia being the second largest producer of oil in the world, it is not part of OPEC. Russias non-membership in these critical organizations limits its ability to play an active role in the decision making process as an emerging market. In the case of the WTO, despite recommendation for accession into the WTO by the EU and other members of the BRIC forum, Russia has failed to implement some of the necessary regulatory requirements as the leadership of the country has shown the lack of political will to do so. There h ave been years of rescheduling, timetabling and back and forth negations to ensure that Russia becomes a member of the WTO, however in June 2009 Russian Prime Minister Vladimir Putin made an appalling decision to abandon efforts for accession into the WTO. In retrospect, the development of Russia by exploiting opportunities made available through the WTO and its multilateral trade agreements is hindered. Similarly, Russias non-participation in OPEC has had far-reaching ramifications for the oil industry since it is not able to play a role in controlling the supply and price of oil. On the other hand, Brazil is a member of several international economic organizations as such as the WTO and WCO. The WTO is a global international organization which deals with trade between nations. Brazils membership into the WTO represents the fact that the regulatory requirements of the WTO have been met by Brazil which allows for the exploitation of balance of rights and obligations and ensures that there is security and fairness as it relates to multilateral trade. Traditionally Brazil has produced just about enough oil to aid in its local consumption. However in 2008 with the discovery of off show oil deposits which may contain as much as 100 billion barrels of oil Brazil may become one of the worlds emerging oil exporters. In this regard Brazilian authorities have expressed the desire to become members of OPEC whenever it commences oil exports. This motive will stands to provide mutual benefits for both Brazil and the OPEC since the addition of Brazil as a member of OPEC will allow for the organization to have control over a larger percentage of the worlds oil hence more influence on oil supply and by extension prices. Similarly, Brazil will now have influence over world oil prices as a member of OPEC. This gives Brazil a comparative advantage over Russia relative to the oil industry in that although Russia have been a major exporter of oil, it has not established relations hips with other oil exporting countries to facilitate the regulation of oil supply, prices and corruption in the industry. Further, while Russia is suffering from quickly depleting oil supply Brazil has been able to locate new oil reserves resulting in more clout for Brazil on the international scene as it relates to trade as a decision maker in the oil industry. Market size and attractiveness Both Russia and Brazil are part of the four emerging markets (BRIC) with great potential for economic growth. Brazil has a population of 192,272,890, ranked number four in terms of population size on the market potential index for emerging markets in 2009. Brazilians has a mean disposable income of USD 16,208 with an emerging middle class. The level of economic growth has left some inequalities and therefore 75% of the population earns below the mean disposable income. The rapid growth of the middle class in Brazil has resulted in higher demands for oil and oil related products impacting positively on the industry. Growth of the upper/elite class is also evident with a 124% increase in average disposable income from 2002-2007 of USD 72,932. These levels of growth have been complemented by increased government spending and a falling debt to GDP ratio. The decreasing amount of public and foreign debt stands to benefit the economy in terms of employment since government can spend more o f its resources the capital side of the budget equation and in some cases less taxes are necessary to service recurrent expenditure and debt hence more disposable income is available to circulate in the economy. These economic conditions amongst many others are responsible for the position Brazil has established in the global market as one of the worlds fastest emerging and most attractive markets. Russias population stands at 141,927,297 as of 1 January 2010 with steady growth of the upper/elite class driving oil consumption to an all time high. The changing lifestyle of persons in the upper class fueled by high-end motor vehicles has resulted is a ravenous demand for oil and oil based products. Russias low debt to GDP ratio of 6.8% should allow for efficient distribution of wealth and steady economic growth. However because of the level of corruption there is inefficient distribution of wealth and the overdependence on the oil industry hinders the countrys ability to compete in ot her areas. Russia also has the highest disposable income of emerging markets with 87% of per capita income being disposable, with projected increase of disposable averaged at 15% annually. There is a widening middleclass especially in Moscow which has a disposable income that is more than three times that of the national average. The average disposable income is $ 1023. This comparison clearly shows why both countries are regarded as emerging markets and are generally attractive to investors. This will yield much benefit to the oil industry because of the increasing demand tied with improvements in the standard of living and disposable income. Russia however is confronted with the problem of depleting oil supply, hence, if demand continues to rise Russia oil imports will peak resulting in a steep fall in GDP. It should also be noted that the spread of wealth in Brazil is more equitable than that of Russia which creates a gap in class strata which is known to cause increases in indig ent rates which leads to civil unrest in some cases. Conclusions The oil Industry is clearly very dynamic and is affected by several variables in the economy including: the type of government, economic freedom, regulatory systems, currency fluctuation and convertibility, general economic condition , trade and international relations, market size and attractiveness and many other related factors. With Russia and Brazil being members of the BRIC forum of emerging markets and the concurrent peaks in demand for oil, efficient and prudent economic management should ensure the equitable spread of wealth which should stimulate economic growth. However limitations of governments and other related variables are impediments to the achievement of these noble dreams. Hence, based on the evaluation of critical areas in this paper it is conclusive that both Brazil and Russia presents opportunities for investment and in specific areas one may have a comparable advantage over the other. Clearly in generalization Brazil offers a more stable and predictable investm ent environment which hinges on its steady system of government with established trade relations and a regime prone to fighting corruption as opposed to Russia which have been marred by corruption at all levels and mismanagement in its oil industry. The emergence of future oil exporting potential by Brazil will further position Brazil to be one of the worlds economic powers. While Russia have had some level of growth, much of it is not attributed to the efforts of it government system but rather to economic factors as a result of changing spending patterns. Our recommendation of Brazil as the choice investment market is relative to outlook from the perspective of the oil industry and may vary for other industries. It is arguable that based on the industry being examined and the economic variables under consideration that Russia may be found suitable for investment.

How Graphic Design Affects Culture Cultural Studies Essay

How Graphic Design Affects Culture Cultural Studies Essay The culture of the world is highly dynamic. The rapid change that is experienced has been attributed to many factors. In order to fully understand the extent to which graphic design influences the culture, it is important to understand what the term culture means. Culture can be taken to loosely mean the way of life for a particular group of people. However, there have been more detailed definitions of the term. This study seeks to provide an insight into how culture inter- relates with graphic design while mainly inclining on the impact of graphic design on culture. The paper addresses the topic by first understanding the two variables; culture and graphic design, and then reviewing the various instances when the culture has been influenced by graphic design. The study also touches briefly on the dependency of graphic design on the culture of the people. There exist numerous studies that has been conducted on the issue of the inter-relationship between culture and graphic design. In the studies, various definitions befitting graphic design are prominent. A study by Phill Meggs concentrates on tracing the history of graphic design. In this work, graphic design is traced back to the cave men where there were drawings of the animals they hunted for food. The study also brings out the development of the alphabet as having descended from symbols (Meggs 1998a). A paper by Helfand (2001) reviews the work of Richard Hollis who shows that graphic design dates back to the industrial revolution of North America. Further, he claims that the first individual to have used the term graphic design was William A. Dwiggins in a 1922 article titled New Kind of Printing calls for New [Type of] Design (Soar 2003, page 20). This implies that graphic design has been in existence or rather in practice for a long time and has evidently shaped the human way of life over time. Graphic design can be attributed to various forms of art. In a study by Helfand (2001), the words of a prominent designer, Milton Glaser stands out. In the definition, graphic design has been interpolated in the particular cultural setting and has been seen as to comprise various disciplines. It places such disciplines as typography, images and other forms of media with the aim of conveying a particular message. The purpose of graphic design is to pass a message with the aim of giving instructions, persuading the targeted group to either perform some activities. . As emissaries of communication, they visualize solutions for the presentation of abstract data, turning ideas into things: They create books and magazines, posters and packaging, exhibitions and Web sites, logos and film titles (Helfand 2001, p. 6). We can therefore conclude that graphic design is a communication form that utilizes the visual aspect of communication to transmit certain ideals or to stimulate particular feelings and emotions from its audience. This message has mainly been put across by a two-dimensional setting that is articulately aimed to convey a specific type of information. A study of Lorenzo London underground attributes graphic design with the attainment of aesthetic attributes of presentations or in construction. In order to point out how culture has been influenced by the practice of graphic design, we need to generate its definition. In a study by Sun Kang (2007), culture is shown to mean the pattern of human daily activities mainly reflected in their music, art, fashion and food. The study gives culture some different aspects on which we can be able to deduce how graphic design impacts on it. The three aspects of culture are derived from what is referred to as the core of culture. It is constituted of the values which are defined as the cultural meanings [that] are conveyed through practices which relate to the various communication forms [and] may include human behaviors, actions, and all other visible performances that people create and act in everyday life (Sun 2007, page 08). In concluding the Hofstedes theory, Sun (2007) points out that culture cannot be separated from the aspect of conveying the various cultural meanings. He posits that the core of culture; values, is transmitted through symbols and systems of symbols by different communication behaviors (page 8). In a different paper by David Carlson in the David Report (2011) culture has been attributed to the more complex ways of living [that incorporates] value systems, traditions, beliefs and habits; including knowledge, morals, law and customs, acquired by those within that Society (Page 8). David (2001) further claims that these attributes are the symbols of the integration of the beliefs of different individuals in a society that shares a common culture. They are therefore used as the cultural values or the cultural objects with which the standard way of living for the society is mirrored upon. We can therefore take the culture to refer to the ordered way of life of a particular society based on their established and accepted values. In this paper, I will tackle the topic of how graphic design influences culture based on various aspects of the culture. These aspects stand out prominently as defining the culture of a society. They are communication. Consumption patterns as well as the ways in which people present the literary works. In settling for these three aspects, the study aims to capture almost all spheres of human relations as well as their lives. It is important to note that these aspects have been taken as umbrella factors which cover a wide range of other aspects of the human life. It is true that graphic design has been in existence for a long time in the history of mankind. It has undergone many changes which have been attributed to many factors, the cultures of the society standing out prominently. Many studies have been conducted on the influence of culture on graphic design. The facts that have been presented are able to show that indeed there is a correlation between graphic design and the culture. However, the direction of the causation may not necessarily be in the direction they have dutifully established. It is for this reason that this study is appropriate. The paper does not, however, aims to dispute the established causation theories but rather seeks to indicate the existence of causation in the different direction. A study by Forty (1979), points out the impact of graphic design on culture through its influence on visual communication. When designers convey messages through visual media like specialized packaging, business logos and posters they are able to convey information not just to about the product but also about what it means to be associated with the brand. It is therefore common to find people who associate with a particular brand. Political views have also been greatly influenced by graphic designs. The evolution of graphic design has seen many changes in how designers presented their ideas. The Avant-garde movement was however, considered to be the inception of the contemporary work. Jan Tschichold was one of the designers of the time who is reputed to have used typography and images to stimulate changes in political polarization and instability (Owen 2008). This implies that not only has graphic design shifted the world on how we communicate but also on how we relate with each other which constitutes the politics of a society. Through the use of asymmetrical design as well as sans serif typefaces, he was able to capture the peoples emotions thereby influencing how they lived with each other. In another study, Lavin (2001), as quoted in Helfand (2001) shows how todays designers have failed to bring out the realities but rather wraps the mess in a clean envelop (page 31). Further, the study points the historical and contemporary track record of graphics in making powerful political statements, in functioning as intriguing personal creations, and in consciously influencing cultural norms (Page 31). There is also the factor that Lavin further blames the designers for failing to use the potential that they have to shift the political attitudes. Additionally, the study also points out the need for graphic designers to critically influence the culture. It is clear that the designers are perceived to have veered away from the course of positively influencing the societys culture. Perhaps it is time that the designers stopped concentrating on the corporate product designs to creation of art that invokes emotions in the society. As quoted by Helfand (2001), the failure of todays designers to positively influence the societys culture can be attributed to the inherited preoccupations of history and criticism (analyzing design products, compiling designer biographies, and developing a historical narrative of style influences (page 31). Further, as put across by Mills (1963), as quoted by Helfand (2001), between the human consciousness and material existence stand communications and designs, patterns and values which influence decisively such consciousness as they have. The mass arts, the public arts, the design arts are major vehicles of this consciousness (page 32). With the use of expressions, a designer is able to shift the conscious of their audience through employing various styles of graphics, colors, and material. The combination of graphic design and advertisement has been seen as the sure way of influencing the culture of the people. In this light, Soar (2002) has looked upon the use of artists and the elite group of the society largely seen as mass consumers with comfortable jobs. When the advertisements are aimed at this group, they employ the use of well known personalities who have been known to have a substantial following. In this way, the artists used are seen as having taken serious mass cultural products and converted them to popular cultures among the people. The end result is that the people adopt behaviors that are in close relation to their favorite celebrated personalities. Consequently, this influences the individuals way of life and therefore, their culture. There is a pedagogic function, then, in advertising and design, in which private codes are disseminated to a broader cultural mass via the [creations]. Indeed, their own cultural readings are highly attuned, being perfect consumers operating in a particularly rarefied social milieu (Soar page 14). As shown by Barchas (2003) there has not been an instance that graphic designing has not inter-related with the culture. He points out the case of Mr. Fary who is able to discredit the purchase Bohee tea especially on account that it was overpriced. By using poetry, he was able to influence the way the foreign Bohee tea was perceived thereafter. Indeed, Barchas points out that the Bohee tea became the new symbol of decay in the eighteenth century. The use of graphic design in advertising such products as the Bohee tea and displaying them as superior will surely influence peoples lifestyles. It was seen to be perpetrating materialism in the society. The retailer took advantage of the great influence that the advertisement had on the society to overprice them as well as to sell them substandard products. The culture is seen to be influenced given that such work influenced not just how people think, but also how they act afterwards (page 4). When we view the mode of presentation of the various works of art, they also have had an impact on the worlds perceptions of literary work. Barchas shows how the various changes in the print culture affected not just how the text was disseminated but also how it was interpreted. In his review of Eisenstein work, he shows how the changes in the print culture to include the presentation of literary work in book form influenced verification and legitimization of the work (Barchas 2003, page 8). This work has been viewed as the artifact that not only has value in its content, but also in the way it had portrayed history and culture. It had influenced how today the scholars present their work as well as the recognition of not just the material used in the presentation but also the layout as well as the design. Graphic design has been influenced by cultures across the world over time. People from different regions, cultures and ages are mesmerized by the nature of art displayed by designers. Art on the other hand is influenced by different cultures. The artist generates an item based on the environment that they have been exposed to. It is then possible to link different cultures through art. When a graphic designer makes a logo that reflects their culture for an event or for a corporate, then their audience becomes bigger. Such a logo may influence the lifestyles of people from different societies with different cultures.

Abraham Lincoln Essay -- essays research papers

Abraham Lincoln was born Sunday, February 12, 1809, in a log cabin near Hodgenville, He was the son of Thomas and Nancy and he was named for his paternal grandfather. Thomas Lincoln was a carpenter and farmer. Both of Abraham's parents were members of a Baptist congregation which had separated from another church due to opposition to slavery. As Abraham grew up, he loved to read and preferred learning to working in the fields. This led to a difficult relationship with his father who was just the opposite. Abraham was constantly borrowing books from the neighbors. Abraham Lincoln, the 16th president of the United States, guided his country through the most devastating experience in its national history--the CIVIL WAR. He is considered by many historians to have been the greatest American president. Early Life In 1816 the Lincolns moved to Indiana, "partly on account of slavery," Abraham recalled, "but chiefly on account of difficulty in land titles in Kentucky." Land ownership was more secure in Indiana because the Land Ordinance of 1785 provided for surveys by the federal government; moreover, the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 forbade slavery in the area. Lincoln's parents belonged to a faction of the Baptist church that disapproved of slavery, and this affiliation may account for Abraham's later statement that he was "naturally anti-slavery" and could not remember when he "did not so think, and feel." Indiana was a "wild region, with many bears and other wild animals still in the woods." The Lincolns' life near Little Pigeon Creek, in Perry (now Spencer) County, was not easy. Lincoln "was raised to farm work" and recalled life in this "unbroken forest" as a fight "with trees and logs and grubs." "There was absolutely nothing to excite ambition for education," Lincoln later recalled; he attended "some schools, so called," but for less than a year altogether. "Still, somehow," he remembered, "I could read, write, and cipher to the Rule of Three; but that was all." Lincoln's mother died in 1818, and the following year his father married a Kentucky widow, Sarah Bush Johnston. She "proved a good and kind mother." In later years Lincoln could fondly and poetically recall memories of his "childhood home." In 1828 he was able... ...booth.html", who began to conspire first to abduct Lincoln and later to kill him. On Apr. 14, 1865, five days after Robert E. Lee's surrender to Grant at Appomattox Court House, Lincoln attended a performance of Our American Cousin at "/TOUR/ford.html" in Washington. There Booth entered the presidential box and shot Lincoln. The next morning at 7:22 Lincoln died. Lincoln's achievements--saving the Union and freeing the slaves--and his martyrdom just at the war's end assured his continuing fame. No small contribution was made by his eloquence as exemplified in the "../../TOUR/linstatue.html" l "gettysburg" (Nov. 19, 1863), in which he defined the war as a rededication to the egalitarian ideals of the Declaration of Independence, and in his second inaugural address (Mar. 4, 1865), in which he urged "malice toward none" and "charity for all" in the peace to come. Nickname: "Honest Abe"; "Illinois Rail-Splitter" Marriage: Nov. 4, 1842, to Mary Todd (1818-82) Children: Robert Todd Lincoln (1843-1926); Edward Baker Lincoln (1846-50); William Wallace Lincoln (1850-62); Thomas "Tad" Lincoln (1853-71) ?

Essay on the Test of Faith in Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown

Young Goodman Brown:Â   A Test of Faith The story Young Goodman Brown is about a man and his faith in himself, his wife, and the community they reside in. Goodman Brown must venture on a journey into the local forest, refuse the temptations of the devil, and return to the village before sunrise. The time era is approximately a generation after the time of the witch trials. Goodman Brown's struggle between good and evil is a struggle he does not think he can face. He reiterates his false confidence to himself repeatedly. Goodman knows what he must do but dreads the deed. Upon entering the forest he is suspicious of every rock and tree, thinking something evil will jump out at him. When he finally does meet someone on the trail, who appears to be of evil origin, he feels confident that he can refuse any temptations. This evil person makes several advances and Goodman refuses. This makes Goodman feel strong until they meet his childhood catechism teacher and see her turned. This act deters his confidence to a great degree. He continues down the trail looking for hope in the heavens but hears onl... ...community. Although these career driven people do not have a book to guide their path, they pursue it none the less. Some of these people have lost, or never had the belief, of reaching heaven, or even its existence. These people are the peers of the believers and set the rules or guidelines for career goals. So in effect the status in the community is a way of saying they are better. The people who do not believe in any god-like being fight in an effort to make their mark on the world, for this is the only they can be recognized or remembered. Â  

ufo cults Essay -- essays research papers fc

The First Encounter Assignment #2 â€Å"Are we alone in the universe?† Scientists have been trying to answer this question for many years. As of now there has not been any rock solid evidence to prove that there is life outside this world, but there is an overwhelming amount of people that believe that there is life. People only believe that there is life outside earth, they don’t know there is. It is hard to know that extra terrestrials exist unless a person has an encounter with one. A person named Claude Vorilhon (Rael) had an encounter with an alien and was told that we were all experiments to the aliens. The alien insisted for him to spread the word of the encounter and build an embassy for the coming of Elohim (the extra terrestrials). This encounter was the start of a UFO cult called Raelians. This cult has spread all over the world, predominately in Europe, Japan, and Quebec. In this UFO cult, Raelians, one can wonder what’s its beliefs are, what is it about the theology of this UFO cult that could draw so many followers and how some can not accept this religion. This religion started by one man went a long way and caused many controversies along the way. The theology of the Raelians was given from Vorilhon’s extra terrestrial mentor that he met with for six consecutive days for about an hour. There are eight main beliefs of the Raelians cult. The first one being that Elohim was the creator of humanity. The alien race was way more advanced than us and they mastered genetics and cell biology well enough to create DNA. They used earth to further studies because of its isolated environment. First plants were created then animals, then humans. â€Å"These human creations of the Elohim were first housed comfortably, being fed and sheltered with no obligations, in the laboratory of the Elohim. However, humans soon proved to possess an aggressive nature, and thus, the Elohim forced the humans out of the laboratory, which was poetically referred to in the Bible as the "Garden of Eden.† The second belief is the scientific translation of the bible. â€Å"Genesis 6:1-2 "And it came to pass, when men began to multiply on the face of the Earth and daughters were born unto them, that the Sons of Elohim saw the daughters of men, that they were fair; and they took them as wives..." Rael states this quote from the bible that it indicates an interbreeding of the... ... through to draw people to it. Many people have faith in a religion but once they lose it, either they lost a loved one and wonder why has God done this to them or how God allowed it to happen, they may turn to another religion such as Raelians where there is no God present but simply our creators of life, the Elohim. The Raelian religion is growing by the year drawing more and more followers but there are also many others who reject this religion because of their own beliefs. We will never know how we came to be in this world either by aliens or created by a God, either way the installment of faith has to be present to follow a religion. The choice of religion is based on the person’s beliefs. Bibliography Faye Whittermore. April 2001. â€Å"Raelians†. Available on-line: New Religious Movements: http://religiousmovements.lib.virginia.edu/nrms/rael.html Mother Site of the Raelian Religion. http://www.rael.org/ (Last visited 04/02/05). Rael. 1998. The Final Message. London: The Tagman Press. Rael. 1986. Let's Welcome our Fathers from Space. Japan: AOM Corporation. Shupe, Anson D. 1981. Six Perspectives on New Religions. New York: Edwin Mellen Press. 75-80.

Creative Enterprise And Context

MA in INTERIOR & A ; SPATIAL DESIGN Module 7CTA1009 | Creative Enterprise And Context | Individual ReportAccredited Work Experience Your work experience may affect, for illustration:A lasting occupation that you are already making, related to your field of survey.A free-lance undertaking.An internship or work arrangement.Approximately 100 hours – including report-writing. ( e.g. 1 twenty-four hours per hebdomad for 10 hebdomads ) You should enter and reflect upon your experience, and summarize the decisions in a brooding papers. This papers shouldsketch the workthat you have conducted andwhat it has taught youabout theprofessional fieldin which you work. You should besidesreflect upon wider facets of your industry, and research how your work is located in thatlarger context. Your grade is based on the quality of thestudy,nonon the work that you do in your period of employment. You need to show thevalueof your experience, andwhat you have learned. This is acritical text. Refer to other paperss to contextualise your experiences. With the passion I have towards the profession of my dream, accepting assorted freelancing occupations over the past twelvemonth or so was the way I chose to be the stepping-stone to construct my calling. This was how and why I gain my professional experience and despite along the manner after meeting obstructions in the early phases of my calling, the experiences have made me a stronger individual to fix myself for the hereafter. Furthermore, because of my ability to get the better of the challenges I face, this has lead for me to hold more assurance in the calling I chose whilst being able to anticipate that this would non be something that I will repent. From the beginning I realized that traveling down the way of freelancing was traveling to be tough but because of the fact that I have the flexibleness to take the undertakings that I prefer played an of import function to maintain myself motivated in what I do and the calling end I would wish to accomplish. My calling end is to c onstruct an interior design house and to portion the passion I have for Interior Design. Making my occupation out of passion and non merely for the interest of fiscal addition has made my calling journey even more interesting. A brief overview to one of the many undertakings I took on was a residential undertaking located in Ampang Botanic, Klang, Malaysia. Residential design involves assorted sorts of planning and scope of building, which incorporate with cognition of human behavior –physical, psychological and cultural of the clients. Due to homes being one’s personal infinites which support the individual’s life style, interior interior decorator playsanessential function in communicating with clients. [ 1 ] The Low family’s semi-detached abode has a built-up of 3010 square pess, approximately 36 pess broad and 82.5 pess for its length and all 6 of the household members are regarded as separate clients to carry through their single demands. Based on experience, my function as an interior interior decorator and the designing procedure are really much similar regardless the graduated table or types of homes. The term ‘creative industries’ originated in the 1990s, with the UK authorities the first to follow it as a agency of promoting the acknowledgment of the economic part made by creativeness and civilization. [ 2 ] Creativity is constructed through an â€Å"interaction between manufacturer and audience† [ 3 ] , it can be argued that clients are an indispensable portion of the societal context for interior decorator. Therefore, harmonizing to the societal contextual position [ 4 ] clients may hold the possible to act upon the creativeness of interior decorator. This has examined when my clients, Low household have affected my initial thoughts for their home. I have proposed them some interior design thought, but at last they have commented and I took their remarks so blend into my initial thoughts. I have realized this could go on all the clip even though sometimes I am really steadfast and confident with my thoughts, but undeniably client’s remarks are really of import as they are the 1 who traveling to populate in the infinite. Nevertheless, I agreed with Parnes who asserted that in creativeness research shows that persons produce more fresh and utile thoughts if they believe the state of affairs encourages such behaviors. [ 5 ] I can see this when Mr. & amp ; Mrs. Low have affectively needed my sentiments, they would demo concern for the feelings and demands of me. Under these fortunes, I will be less likely concern about negative unfavorable judgment by them which can sabotage my desire to supply confident and better service. Rather, I feel more bucked up and daring to research with assorted bright colorss, stuff or form and to happen more originative solutions to a infinite. I have suggested Mr. & amp ; Mrs. Low to utilize dark colorss, such as black and dark brown for most portion of dry kitchen to make a different sort of atmosphere in this home. Furthermore, I have realized that I will put more into this undertaking when my clien ts swear me. I besides expended excess clip and attempt in researching options to the regular service provided, thereby lending to the results. Besides, one of the important things that I have learnt since I started free-lance undertaking is non all value is created equal. For me, I will merely larn what is valuable to clients by acquiring to cognize them. But on the position of clients, value contains many parts ; from cost-effectiveness to long term potency to the efficiency and smoothness of the undertaking itself. As when the brief is taken and communicate with them, seek to experience where they feel the value of undertaking lies. Clients need to cognize what they are paying for, non merely in footings of a touchable merchandise, but besides in footings of any behind-the-scenes or potency advantages which interior decorator has built into the undertaking. My function and the procedure begins with run intoing the client to garner information sing their demands to come up with thoughts to trades with the issues at manus that is brought frontward by the client or from my personal observation. Then elaborate and accurate drawings will be produced from the thoughts discussed to guarantee that the undertaking is good planned and systematic. Material choice and specification of furniture will be decided and I will oversee all the inside informations and supply more elaborate drawings where necessary when the installing takes topographic point. Assorted concern paperss have to be provided and managed for this procedure to run every bit swimmingly as possible. However, the undertaking development for this residential undertaking has the same advancement from the old undertakings I have done. This undertaking started in August last twelvemonth before I came to the United Kingdom to go on with my Postgraduate surveies. I foremost met up with Mr. and Mrs. Low on a insouciant societal footing to larn more about each other in general and to see the nature of the undertaking. I gathered every bit much information as I could to set up what their demands are and desire for their new home and after a few other subsequent phone conversations, I wrote a proposal dwelling of all the architectural and ad hoc services I would supply. After Mr. and Mrs. Low accepted my proposal, all paperss such as the agreed proposal and citation were signed before anything went frontward. Before the design work could get down, I had to detect the overall demands and restraints, which will be the model for the remainder of the undertaking. I went to the site to study in order to derive a more in depth cognition of the home and after taking note of the inside informations, I started working on the design development which I feel is the most exciting portion of a undertaking. Once this phase started, interior decorator will maintain in touch with client really frequently discussed the design and inside informations. I have developed infinites with Furniture Plans ( fig.1 ) , color strategy and construct. Within this development, interior coatings inside informations such as pigment, wall-covering, flooring, ceiling and window interventions, castings, cabinetwork and countertops will be decide every bit good. All the choices will be show in 3D Perspective Drawings ( fig.2 & A ; 3 ) for clients to hold better image to conceive of with the existent infinites. After finalisi ng the design drawings, I have confirmed with clients before get downing the concluding particularization of programs such as Mechanical & A ; Electrical ( M & A ; E ) Plans ( fig.4 ) , Reflected Ceiling Plans ( fig.5 ) , Floor Finishes Plans and others detail drawings. After design development, I have left the building and installing portion to my concern spouse, Mr. Alex who owns a custom-build furniture company. Since I am traveling to foster my surveies, Mr. Alex has coup d'etat my portion to finish this undertaking. Since I am in United Kingdom and the undertaking is in Malaysia, we use different methods depending on the state of affairs, such as electronic mail, instant messaging, picture confab or societal networking. In the interim of analyzing and working on free-lance undertakings, I have gained many accomplishments and personal qualities to be an interior interior decorator, which I think this is one of the intents of this assignment has outlined in faculty. First of wholly, being a free-lance has trained me to be more good subject and professional in originative industries, which is the chief purpose of this faculty. In originative industries, image and feeling of a interior decorator is really of import, as this is how client trust interior decorator at the beginning. If a designer’s image is bad, client will non swear them and delegate undertaking to them. Besides, I am developing an oculus for design which involves understanding a few rudimentss of perceptual experience from freelancing, which is good to my surveies every bit good. For case, I have better 3D consciousness as I have experienced the transmutation from pulling to existent object ; how lines or colorss will impact the aesthetics value and make ocular beat in a infinite ; how to utilize pattern and stuff in a design ; how to make designs that provide focal points that serve to honor the oculus ; how to accomplish ocular balance in a infinite and the difference between symmetricalness and informal balance. Besides, creativity and imaginativeness have risen throughout working on free-lance. For me, being able to pass on efficaciously is the most of import of all life accomplishments, pass oning with clients has strengthened my communicating and dialogue accomplishments. Communication is merely the act of reassigning information from one topographic point to another, how good the information can be transmitted and received is a step of how good the communicating accomplishment is. For illustration, able to talk suitably with a broad assortment of people whilst keeping good oculus contact, show a varied vocabulary and orient the linguistic communication to clients, listen efficaciously, nowadayss ideas suitably and work good in a group which requires good communicating accomplishments. With good communicating accomplishments can assist all facets of life, particularly from professional life to societal assemblages and everything in between, which now that beneficial to my freelancing, university life and societal life. Other than that, freelancing has sharpened me awareness of proficient edifice issues, the scope of relevant merchandises and stuffs. As working with free-lance undertaking in industry, I have the opportunity to larn about stuff in existent life. Assorted professional of stuffs companies have assigned the staff to convey my existent stuff samples and explained me about those merchandises. Furthermore, working in site undertaking has taught me how importance is proficient pulling in the interior design industries. If there is error in the proficient drawing, it would impact the existent object on site ; as a consequence this has indirectly trained me to be more careful on pulling. I have decided to be an interior interior decorator when I was 15 old ages old and I am working hard to accomplish my aspiration. For me, freelancing while I am prosecuting my surveies is an indispensable first measure toward my aspiration. With the result of this assignment and faculty, I am sharpening my accomplishments and allow myself fixing to accept more new challenge in my calling in future. Appendixs Figure 1: Furniture Plan, Ground Floor Figure 2: 3D Perspective Drawing of Living Area Figure 3: 3D Perspective Drawing of Dry Kitchen Figure 4: Mechanical & A ; Electrical ( M & A ; E ) Plan, Ground Floor Figure 5: Reflected Ceiling Plan, First Floor Mentions Amabile, T. M. ( 1996) Creativity in context.Boulder: Westview Press. BOP Consulting. ( 2010 )Maping the originative industries: A toolkit.[ e-book ] London: British Council. Csikszentmihalyi, M. ( 1999 )Deductions of A System Perspective for The Study of Creativity.New York: Cambridge University. Knackstedt, M. V. ( 2012 )The Interior Design Business Handbook: A Complete Guide to Profitability. New Jersey: John Wiley & A ; Sons.Madjar, N. & A ; Ortiz-Walters, R. ( 2008 ) ‘Customers as Subscribers and Reliable Evaluators of Creativity in the Service Industry’ , Journal of Organizational Behavior. [ on-line ] Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/job.522/pdf.[ accessed 25 April 2014 ] Parnes, S. J. ( 1964 ) ‘Research on developing originative behavior’ ,Widening skylines in creativeness.New York: Wiley. Bibliography Ball, L. ( 2003 ) . Future Directions for Employability Research in the Creative Industries. A on the job paper by the Learning and Teaching Support Network and Design Council. Knackstedt, M. V. ( 2012 )The Interior Design Business Handbook: A Complete Guide to Profitability. New Jersey: John Wiley & A ; Sons.Piotrowsk, C. M. ( 2013 )Professional Practice for Interior Designers.New Jersey: John Wiley & A ; Sons.