Issues in cloud computing

The purpose of assignments Is be able to understand the various advantages and Issues of cloud computing. Research and analyses whether or not cloud computing Is the way forward for the chosen organization. Company of choice The type of company selected here is Higher Educationalists. The Higher Educationlnstituteprovides its services in different location through its branches. It may have thousands of students and staff and has lot of sensitive data e. G. Student staffs information, lectures notes and books, student's private and personal details.Higher Education Institutions financial status, its own business Lana and strategy and so on. While moving to the cloud, Higher Education Institute may face lot of issues like legal issues, ethical issues environmental issues, security issues and so on. This assignment triesprovldingprofesslonal solution to address these mentioned Issues. Introduction Cloud computing Is a style of computing where scalable and elastic IT-enabled capableness are provided ‘ as a services' to multiple external customers using internet technologies[l].In simple terms , cloud computing enables business of all sizes to quickly procure and use a wide range of enterprise-class IT systems on a pay per-use basis from anywhere at any time. Cloud computing services are divided into three classes, according to the abstraction level of the capability provided and the service model of providers. Namely (1) infrastructure as a service, (2) platform as a service, (3) Software as a Service and there are different types of cloud depending upon the network it cover they are (1) Public clouds, (2) Private Clouds (3) community clouds and (4) hybrid cloud.Each types of cloud and services provision has own characteristics, benefits and challenges and suits deferent business models and purposes however, all have similar legal Issues to consider. L] Benefits If Higher Education Institutes anticipating a huge upswing in computing need (or evening Education Institute surprised bay sudden demand), cloud computing can help institute to manage. Rather than having to buy,install, and configure new equipment,eliminates can buy additional CPU cycles or storage from third party.Since Institutions are based on consumption. Indians does not have to deal with unneeded equipment. Institute simply add or subtract based on its need. [ 1] Again, not having to buy and configure new equipment allows Institute and IT staff to eyesight to business. The cloud solution makes it possible to get application stereotypically, and It costs a fraction of what It would cost to implement an on- site solution. [ 3] The managerial and strategic level employer no needs to physically attend the Institute's site to get information.They can get Information from anywhere, which help to Increase the productivity of Institute [ 2] Legal issues: As moving tighter Distastefulness's data to the cloud, Outshoot need to comply with Data Protection act 1988. The eight principl e of Data Protection act are (1) Data should be fearfully and carefully processed. 2) Data should be processed for the specified purpose(3) The data collected should be adequate, relevant and not excessive. (4)The data should be up to date. (5) The data cannot be kept no longer than necessary. (6)The data should be processed in accordance with the individual rights. (7)The data should be kept Securely. 8)The data cannot be transferred and stored outside the European Economic Area (EYE)without adequate protection. [6] The Higher Educationlnstituteshould ensure that Cloud Service Provider has kept the data securely in order to preventatives unlawful processing, stolen, against accidental cost and damage. So while choosing the overnighter Educationlnstituteshould know how the cloud companies handles the personal and sensitive data. Higher Educationalists should need to consider whether or not the level of security which would be provided by Cloud Company will meet the both requirement of Higher Declassification's Data Protection Act. 6] The Data Protection Act clearly mentioned that personality should not be moved or transferred outside the European Economic Area unless there is an adequate leveler protection. Cloud provider might not always store the data in European Economic Arabesques to establish and maintain the data centre outside the European Economic Area might be cheap. Storing data outside the European Economic Area breaches the Data Protection Act. Compliance may beached busing EX. approved contract terms with cloud provider. [3] All the public authorities in the I-J have legal responsibilities to comply with Freedom of Information Act 2000.If Higher Educationlnstituteholds the information and if any request is made to the Higher Educationalists fortification then,Higher Educationalists should provide thrusters information to the requester within the 20 days. If suppose, by some reasons cloud computing server is failed and Higher Educationlnstitutecann ot able to access its stored information from the cloud then Higher Educationlnstitutewill face the problem. So while choosing the cloud computing service provider, it is necessary to assess their failure history of server, reputation, backup strategy and so on. 2] Intellectual property right are the right which is granted to owners of that intellectual creativity. Copyright, Patents,Database and Trademark are considered as Intellectual property. Generally, copyright protects and prevents the owner's work from copying ND reproducing. Copyright can be obtained on for example computer software program, textbook, film,teaching and research material and so on. [6] Higher Education Institute has also lot of intellectual property which need to be protected.The Higher Education Institute has the right to control its intellectual properties copyright, design and patents act (1988) necessarily in migration to the cloud. [6] Similarly, database right is another right which falls under intelle ctual property. It prevents the database from extraction, reuse of all or substantial part of the database without impressionists. 6]Higher Education Institute should prevent its own database example pay roll database, steadfastness and the database which is created by teacher or students for the learning purpose.Patent is the right to the owner which prevents others from making, using, manufacturing and selling the invented products and process without owner permission. Patents are only effective in the country where the right is granted. If the patents have been registered in the European Patents Office then it is protected in the whole Europe. [6] while moving to the cloud computing , It raises particular intellectual property right issue for Higher Education Institute to include before to confirming the conditions of their cloud computing provision. The issue may arise are 🙠 1) they may have access to information belonging to Institute. 2) The location of information whe re they kept is not fixed. This issue makes tighter Education Institute difficult for its intellectual property right compliance. [3] Annexation regarding above issue: software license may be location specific . Minored to safe guard to the resources, the Institute might have done the agreement with publisher through educational resource licenses and his agreement may only allow to access electronic resources or storage of digital material by registered users( staff and students ) through particular local server only.So while moving to the cloud, problem would be, the cloud provider mischance's threescore and they are not location specific. So agreements with resource supplier regarding access and location should be addressed Institute's contract with cloud provider and the cloud provider also need to prevents to get access and need to prevent any unwanted and unlawful usage of licensed resources[4] As moving to the cloud adequately act 2010 places legal obligation to he Institute. Utilities need to make sure that all the students with disability have equal access of information.As moving the cloud Institute should check that the means of service provision will not adversely impact accessibility. [4] Environmental issue As moving to the cloud the Institute can contributes to lower the carbon foot prints. According to the [7]by adopting the cloud computing, the consumption of energy by data centre could be reduced by thirty eight percentage by the year 2020. And such reduction on energy will reduces twenty eight percentages greenhouse gas emissions. Research also found that the smaller organization will contribute largeness's ninety percentages to reduce the carbon foot print.Whereas, bacteriologists reduces carbon foot print by thirty percentages. [7] Decanter are designed on echo friendly nature which use low suffer fuels to reduce emission from backup generators. These energetically lighting technology. Most of the staff in the cloud service provider is Depo sitional and they concern on designing and building an echo friendly product where as Higher Education Institute whose primary focus is to provide quality education and earning profit by increasing the number of detent. Decanter provides the infrastructure only when it is needed . T maximize the efficiency and utilization of server by sharing same server for different cloud. [7] Ethics and ProfessionalResponsibility: All the informational infrastructure that used to be stored locally stored to the third party animadversion cannot be directly control its data. Lost of direct control sometime gives the problem. If something happen on the data at the cloud. For example unauthorized access of data or failure in Infrastructure,eliminates cannot do anything because it is difficult to know who caused the problem. Dud service provider usually make the infrastructure by aggregating the systems and each system may owned by other company and if something goes wrong in such complex system then it is difficult to decide who has caused the problem. The data which is stored in the cloud some time used for some other purpose. For example biometric data of student which is collected for student attendance purpose, that data might be used for the criminal investigation purpose.Keeping identification to the cloud, it can feel that cloudscape provider would seem to be responsible for the data and have control over it. There might be issue of trust potentialities and cloud computing service provider[4] There is loot of IT practitioners work in the cloud service provider. They are associates with some professional body example British Computer Society,Association for Computing Machinery, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers and so on. There's day to day practice and responsibilities has been defined by associated professional body.Professional people like Database administrator of the cloud service provider has the access to the client's personal and sensitive data He is not allowed to disclose the client's data to the third party. Professional body may take the disciplinary action fortress who breach the code of conduct. BCC broadly defined its code of conduct in four categories they are (1) duty to the public (2) duty to the relevant authority, (3) duty to the profession and (4) professional competence and integrity[5 ]similarly, IEEE and ACM has also code of conduct for its member which is almost similar to Thebes code of conduct.Recommendation and conclusion: It is institute responsibilities to compliance with the legal act. So, it is recommended to check the position of cloud provider's security, data transfer and compliance tit EX. law. Penthouse applying the best efforts there may arises the dispute with cloud provider. It is recommended to choose the established cloud provider, find out theirs server location, asses suitability and agree which law applies. Identify the confidential material and find whether cloud is suitable for that data or not.Institutions should ensure that the contract terms with cloud providers reflect their legal obligations, responsibilities and the level of risk they are prepared to handle Penthouse there are lot of benefits in cloud computing, it is compulsory to aware of he ethical and legal issues and careful most be taken before agreeing any contract with cloud service provider.

How did world war one change the role and status of women in England and Wales?

During the nineteenth century, before war broke out new job opportunities began to emerge for women as teachers, shop workers, clerks and secretaries in offices. Even girls from working class backgrounds were able to achieve higher status than that of their parents and began to receive better pay packets. Women from middleclass backgrounds were gaining better education opportunities and a few won the chance to go into higher education eventually becoming doctors to name but one thing. However education wasn't improving for the majority of women in lower classes often receiving no education. This left them no options but to go into domestic service or the â€Å"sweated industries† such as cotton factories or home dress making. Also between 1839 and 1886 there were a series of laws passed giving married women greater legal rights, however they couldn't yet vote in general elections. Some people thought that all women should be allowed to vote too as the number of men who could vote was gradually increasing. Others disagreed, yet the debate was not as simple as a case of men versus women. Early campaigners for the vote were known as suffragists. These were mainly middle class women. Their leader was Mrs Millicent Fawcett. By handing out leaflets they began achieving some success with Liberal Mps and leading Conservative Mps. However this still got them know where. Then by 1903 Mrs Emmeline Pankhurst started the Women's Social and Political Union. The â€Å"Daily Mail† named this group the â€Å"Suffragettes† this got them into the headlines. The â€Å"suffragettes† caused chaos disrupting political meetings and harassed ministers. Often ending up in prison, eventually going on hunger strike. The above source shows that when many of the men signed up to be part of the Great War, there was no longer sufficient numbers left to continue making munitions and other industrial instruments. It was the women in the munitions factories that came out the worst in the end, after dealing with the harmful TNT their skin began to turn yellow and their hair became ginger. With this they became easily recognised and were given the nickname of â€Å"Canaries†. The long-term effects however were much worse than they initially thought; many women were unable to become pregnant. However this job was highly paid and they women didn't have much other choice, it was also considered an important job and a valid contribution to the war effort. The source published during the war showed the positive aspects of working women, however it portrayed the women as strong, healthy and capable of doing men's jobs while they were at war. Overall a positive image; hoping to encourage more women to join the war effort. Then on the other hand it does not show the illnesses that the women suffered and the dangers of working in the factory. As the image shows they were constantly surrounded by the shells of the bombs, which in this image were all, filled with TNT, you can tell this by the fact that the tops are on. They also had to be very careful when moving them as if they dropped one it cause the whole factory and its workers to go up with it. While the majority of men were leaving home for the war many young women also found themselves leaving home for the first time. These women left to join the land army. As the above source shows women were beginning to take over the men's jobs that many of the farmers who gave the women board and lodge thought not very lady like. However without the women's help potatoes would not have been picked, sheep would not have been tended to. Women left for the land army as I thought it was a chance to gain freedom and new experiences. However it was not all that it seemed they were under strict discipline and once they were there they could not get out of it as they signed contracts for either six months or a year. Overall this source is accurate, as the historian G. Thomas has gathered factual information from the time. Even though the source was recorded many years after the First World War the entire source is based on information of the time. My daughter went out at 7am to the Maypole Diary Co. shop and after waiting till 10.30am was turned away without any margarine, came home chilled to the bone besides losing education. If we could have a system of rationing, I believe these hardships would be overcome. â€Å"Workers† Dreadnought† (A weekly newspaper of the East London Federation of Suffragettes, and edited by Sylvia Pankhurst) 19 January 1918 Not all women had the chance to get good jobs in munitions factories or join the land army. Many had to deal with food shortages, and often as the source tells us queue for hours on end without any food by the end of it. The source gives us a realistic view of how working class women had to deal with life while husbands, sometimes sons were away fighting for the country. The â€Å"Workers Dreadnought† was aimed at the working class audience, bringing their suffrage to light. The source gives us just one example of how a young child had to find food as her mother had to work to raise some money that would supply a small amount of food. The source also informs us that many had already thought of rationing yet it was used until a month later, which was February 1918. Nevertheless, many wealthy upper class people survived on their wealth. They were able to send out their servants to queue for them. Or they could barter on the black market. Through their wealth they were able to obtain any food they wanted. Many women offered their services to help with the war effort, however both employers and trade unionists were reluctant to see women working in men's jobs, particularly in munitions factories. However women didn't take this lying down. As the above source shows they held a huge procession on the 17th of July letting the employers and trade unionists know that they were prepared to work. Within the procession there was a large banner reading â€Å"Men of the Empire are Fighting – The Women of the Empire are Working†. This source proves that women are not just good at cooking and cleaning, but determined to contribute. Nevertheless without the women's contribution to the war effort, especially in munitions factories Britain would not have won the war. The above sources tell us of women's working lives during the war. These posters show an idealistic view of mothers preparing packages for their beloved. These posters were far from the reality; there wasn't enough food to go around without sending packages to the battles. Even joining food queues did not determine even a small amount of food. This must have been so disheartening. â€Å"Pears' Soap† was advertised in â€Å"The Illustrated London news†. An upper class newspaper that could not have been supportive of the ways in which everyone had begun cutting back. â€Å"Only the Best is good enough† due to the war any soap would have done, the company could not have understood the ways that all classes were suffering. This included the upper class. The Bishop of Liverpool said the other day that drink was now most deadly amongst women. He could speak of a street in which almost every woman was drinking and demoralised. The Bishop of London†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦also said quite recently that the East End clergy told him that they had never known such an orgy of drinking among women as during the last 12 months. ‘White Ribbon' [the monthly newspaper of the British Women's Temperance Association]. December 1915 Women had little free time for any leisure activities as they were either working or if food was short queuing for what they could get. The above source is unreliable about what women were getting up to in the December 1915; this is as ‘ White Ribbon' concentrates on the big cities like Liverpool and London. It is also written by an anti alcohol association which could be making the circumstances under which they saw these women's drinking habits worse than they actually were. This source does not cover the country or smaller towns. Therefore people who read this article would have been reading inaccurate information on women's leisure time. With as the source says more than six million men going away to war, women were left with only their salaries to pay for the rent on their homes. Landlords felt that with constant increases in numbers to the cities as this is where the jobs were would cause people to take in lodgers which would help with the rent. However it didn't work out like this, once the landlords put up the rent women found that they couldn't make the payments and decided to go on strike. This left the landlords in a worse position than they had been, as they were now receiving no money. This source shows a realistic view of what women had to deal with while their male relatives fought in the war. It is likely to be an accurate source as G. Thomas is a historian who would have used articles of the time to write this article. Previous sources tell us about women's attitudes and domestic lives. These statistics from a report written after the war show a positive change for women. There is an obvious increase of women in employment in every job except domestic service where there is a decline. However this decline cannot be taken in a negative way, this shows that during the war women found that they were better used in other jobs. These would have also been better paid. This source must have been very positive to the women who had worked to change men's attitudes to women and their working roles. Even though this was published twelve years after the war it is still useful. Overall the source is biased as it is from the obituary of Millicent Fawcett. Yet it tells us of how the war acted as a catalyst to women getting the vote. The vote would have eventually arrived in Britain, but not as soon. Through the war politicians realised that women's voices now had the write to be heard, they then gained the vote for women over eighteen in 1918. However there were probably other factors apart from the war that would have lead to women gaining the vote. This shows that women involved in air factories that probably feared losing their jobs as they thought they would no longer be needed, now had a chance to remain in employment. However this time the work was more enjoyable as they did not have the worry of war over their heads. This source proves that even though many women were at first reluctant to join the war effort. By the time it was over many didn't want to return to their lives of cooking and cleaning so jobs such as toy making which they not only enjoyed but they were good at proved a positive way to go. Evaluation World War One brought about the change in the role and status of women, as before the war as I stated in my introduction women remained in the home while the men went out to work and paid for food and anything that might have been needed in the home. With the outbreak of war all this began to change, first slowly then as more and more men signed up the role of women quickly changed. For the employers and trade unionists this was hard to take in, they believed that many jobs women were now completing were not suitable. However they had no other option but to employ them. With the men at war women became the sole earners, just as their husbands had done. Except women also had to continue cooking once they had finished working as many had to provide for young families. Young women also found new freedom in the land army giving them experience that they would not necessarily achieved without the war. Many travelled more than they would have done and began to enjoy jobs that before would have been considered ‘men's ‘ jobs. Employers soon began to realise that assembly jobs for things such as gramophones were much better suited to women they had more nimble hands and enjoyed the work a lot more than men would have. The most dramatic change however was women's political status. Mps soon realised that giving women the vote would say thank you for their contribution to the war. The war speeded up women gaining the vote as pre war there were two main groups who spent time handing out leaflets and making stands in political meetings, trying to persuade the government to give women the vote. Finally the government gave in giving all women the right to vote in 1918. As far as women's role and status changed the war could not have helped more. The war allowed women to show their potential in a working environment, at the beginning it could have gone either way but employers gave them a chance and it all worked out for the best as when the men returned they went back to their jobs but women had realised what they were good at and new jobs were now available to them. Overall The Great War brought about the most substantial change in women's roles.

Some say that Canadian History is a history of failure, not Essay

Some say that Canadian History is a history of failure, not accomplishment. Do you agree with this opinion - Essay Example Again he asserts that Canada pretends to be a neat culturally woven nation forgetting that it had in its core a tattooed racism stimulus. Racism has been in the Canadian culture for generations. It is imperative that history is created by both real memories as well as carving a literature of incidences to make it liveable. In this light this argument, it can be inferred that the History of Canada is not all about truths (Francis, 1997). Thesis "Having no independence day, no history of independence war and having symbols that are fictitiously declared as national symbols; Canada has more geography to it, compared to its history" I ARGUMENT : There is no history of Canada engaging in a self-liberating war of its own; something that would anchor well as a founding historical perspective. 1. PROOF: Canada never fought for its independence like most countries that tended to dislodge their colonial rulers. EXPLAIN It has been put into ink like the Magna Carta. Unlike such countries, Canad a recognized itself as a country upon the declaration of the Balfour Report (1926), which declared it, as an autonomous community within the British Empire. 2. PROOF: During the First World War (1914-1918) the British declared war against Germany; the implications were that the Canadian military was forced to get involved to protect its territory as it was a subservient nation of the British. EXPLAIN Upon declaration of war against Germany, a rift was developed between the French speaking and English speaking citizens. The war was fought conspicuously by the Canadian Forces with a support from Canadians of British decent, reiterating that they had to defend their mother country. This was further supported by the quote â€Å"It is our duty to let Great Britain know and to let the friends and foes of Great Britain know that there is in Canada but one mind and one heart and that all Canadians are behind the Mother Country† (Various Publishers, 2011). This led to the battle of th e Vimy Ridge in 1917 where the Canadian Corps sought to fight against Germans. According to John Pierce (2012), although the Canadians had nothing to do with this war; yet the British depicted it as their own war to blind the Canadians of the reality of the nature of this war. CONCLUDING SENTENCE: The history of Canada reveals that no war can be labelled as the war of independence of Canada; although there is history of other wars being fought in the region, none of them qualifies as a war of independence. II: SECOND ARGUMENT: Canada is a country without an independence day. History reveals no single moment at which Canada gained its sovereignty. 1. PROOF: The name of the founder of the country is missing. EXPLAIN/ELABORATE/DESCRIBE: Canada has no founders to be celebrated; even the Quebec has its own day when it celebrates the national day (Thompson, 2013). It is therefore evident that there is no national-day or event that indicates the independence of Canada and in the same spiri t no achievement to celebrate (Hart, 2008). 2. PROOF: Canada amended its constitution in 1982 EXPLAIN/ELABORATE/DESCRIBE: Perhaps independence resulted when Canada eventually amended it constitution in the year 1982. Embassies were thereafter established and the Country virtually came into existence as a result of this report. It is also an argument that maturity was probably attained when Canada felt the loss of their young soldiers during the World war. The

Financial report analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Financial report analysis - Essay Example Origin made it generation capacity more than doubled by expanding or adding power plants in 2010. The capacity was 704 MW in the financial year of 2009; it was increased to 1620 MW in 2010. The company’s performance improved even its retail sector where a profit of $90 million to $565 million was achieved. The sale of company’s solar systems provided further profit to the company. Despite all above factors company reported a substantial decrease in Net Profit after tax as it was calculated 91% lower than the previous fiscal year, i.e. in 2009. The statuary profit was decreased to $612 million in comparison with $6941 million of the previous year. In this loss the dilution of Origin’s interest in Australia Pacific LNG alone comprised of $6411 million to that period while the net benefit in this number of items being only $27 in this year. The earnings per share for the period hence decreased to a nominal 69 cps (cents per share) from the 791 cps of last year. A fi nal dividend of 25 cents per share was paid to its shareholders in the month of September, 2010. The company expanded its presence in south East Asia to the portfolio of oil and gas drilling. This exercise has been totally unprofitable for the company as excluding this exercise company’s underlying profit would have been up by 15% or 609 million. Apart from that Underlying Earning per Share noticed a growth of 10% as it increased to 66.6 cent per share from 60.5 cent per share, the average weighted capital base being 878 million. The main cause of such loss in company’s account will definitely be amounted because of the dilution exercise processed with the Australia Pacific LNG which definitely was a bad decision in favour of the company. (Origin Energy, 2011, Annual report) Introduction In February 2000 the Australian Conglomerate Boral Limited was demerged and its energy segment was removed from it to form a new company Origin Energy. This was done to separate the en ergy business from building and construction business. In the year 200 and 2001 the companied grew to a substantial size by acquiring Electricity retailers Powercor and Citypower. Till 2004 the company has further acquired 50% holding in Kupe Gas Field and 51.4% holding in Edison Mission Energy. By The month of March this year the company has bought the retail division of Country Energy and Integral Energy in $3250 million from the Govt. of New South Wales The principal activities of Origin Energy are in the fields of Oil, Gas and Electricity. The company owns Oil and Gas reserves in South Australia and Queensland. Outside the Australia also the company is intended to develop Kupe Gas Field in New Zealand. In Retail sector the company serves over three million customers’ gas or electricity in New Zealand, Australia and in the south pacific. In generation business the company generates electricity mainly natural gas. None of the coal fired power plant is owned by the company. In fields of Gas transportation and distributing Origin Energy had shareholding of 17% in Envesta Limited and 33% in SEAGas pipeline and these shareholdings were sold to APA group in 2007. The company policy of producing energy from renewable sources is well appreciated. The company is highly active in this field and have spent years of research in this field. The company does not own any equity in wind farms

Human Resource Management Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Human Resource Management - Research Paper Example Visual sexual harassment is through showing unwanted signs, photographs, drawings, gestures suggesting sex to an individual in the work place (Boland, 2005). Job analysis is the method employed to identify and determine the responsibilities and duties within a job description. The first step in job analysis is identifying its main objective it is important in determining the data to be collected. The second and third steps are choosing the best analyst and suitable method respectively. The fourth step involves training the analysts on how to use the chosen method (Mathis & Jackson, 2010). The fifth step in job analysis entails preparing for analysis by communicating the project to the whole organization. Collecting data fall on the sixth step while reviewing and verifying the collected data falls on the seventh step. The last step is implementing the results which at this time are the developed job description and specification. The advantages of this technique are; gaining of first class information about the job, efficient way of hiring employees and efficient way for appraisal and performance evaluation. The disadvantages are; require s a lot of data, it has a personal bias and it is time consuming (Heron, 2005). Internet recruiting has derived its importance through advances in technology and the need for a 24/07 access of employees and employers. Through internet recruiting, it has been possible, for employers to access qualified personnel from the global environment. Website containing details of job descriptions post vacancies through which a qualified individual responds to. The following three are advantages of internet recruiting. Firstly, it is a cost effective method of hiring. Secondly, the automated recruiting process is accessible 24/07. Thirdly, it is possible to access a large number of skilled individuals from a wider geographical area (Arthur, 2006). Security in the workplace refers to being safe from risks that can occur

Red Sorghum by Zhang Yimou Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Red Sorghum by Zhang Yimou - Essay Example 2. The cultural significance of femininity in China is highlighted in the article. The idea of the feminine becomes one that is in controversy because of the several clashing belief systems of the film. The Confucian ethics and Buddhist traditions first define the feminine of China in one specific way. This is combined with the class structure that is a part of the feminine, which is defined by the expectations of Chinese culture. The Chinese culture is defined first by the history and memory that defines the feminine into the yin and yang roles. The mythical elements are defined by this as well, which creates different feminine roles that are within the culture. After the traditional roles are defined, the movie moves into ideas of the feminine through the different belief systems in the culture. The movie specifically defines the idea of yin and yang as a part of the cosmic order, which is a part of the traditional roles and the feminine. The controversy is created with this by defining the clash of culture and how it changes between different memories, times and cultural meaning in China. The idea of the feminine, from a cultural context, is based on spiritual meanings that come from history and memory and which are passed down between different generations. In the movie, there is a conflict with the cultural significance of the feminine with the definitions of the feminine becoming controversial with the memories, history and social implications. 3. The idea of the Bakhtinian carnival is one that shows the basic needs of the community and culture. The carnival is represented as an idea of basic needs that humans have, including food, water and shelter. The carnival moves from this to a celebration of the basic human needs that are a part of life in China. The appearance of the carnival and the way that it relates to the culture is one that depicts the basic culture, expressions and acceptance that is a part of

Reaction Paper 3 Term Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Reaction 3 - Term Paper Example In most instances at present thus, conventional measures of incarceration with punishment, deterrence, and incapacitation become rather less conducive especially for mental health considering situations in which prisoners with history of psychological disorder worsen in prevailing condition as to become contagious with fellow inmates. The availability of community supervision, as an alternative remedy employs a more humane and sensible approach which apparently is not covered within customary incarceration. While the latter remains emphatic with the old rigid tradition of confining the accused and convicted criminals, community supervision may assume flexible forms capable of reducing harshness or severity of the former system given that the offender complies to accept a specified period of supervision by a probation officer and abide by additional set of particular rules required by the court while the sentence the offending party ought to serve is put under suspension (Community, 2 010). Justice advocates and some critics on their side might react in opposition and raise protest toward any possible impunity with community supervision on the ground that punishment must be executed to those who deserve it. Upon deeper evaluation of such mechanism to differentiate from incarceration, nevertheless, supervision in its essence would prove beneficial at being able to transform a criminal from a violent character to a sane and sound well-being. If incarceration has since been able to produce targeted results at resolving to renew moral conduct of convicted individuals while in the course of being punished, discipline offered through a less crude option of community supervision may be customized to adjust to the specific needs of a criminal. This way, much focus may be granted to the latter who, by personal choice of the officer-in-charge,

Musical Autobiography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Musical Autobiography - Essay Example It was one of the most famous songs at that time, which became the first international â€Å"local song†, familiar to all world cultures (The Center for American Music). â€Å"Old Folks at Home† is a song about the need for one’s family home, childhood memories, and the security of a family. No matter how far we go, we always miss â€Å"de old plantation and for de old folks at home† (Foster). This song has been performed by many singers, but I like best Paul Robeson’s interpretation from 1926. I first listened to it as an 8-year-old girl with my father, who is a big fan of Paul Robeson. This song used to accompany our family dinners, long car trips and outings. Today, when I feel sad and lonely, I play â€Å"Old Folks at Home† and I think about my family in Korea. This songs allows me to realize that even though I am so far away from my family, we are still close at heart. I know that I have a family that cares for me and a home where I will always be welcomed. Another song that reminds me of my childhood in Korea is â€Å"Candy†, performed by H.O.T, which was my favorite band when I was in primary school. H.O.T was the most popular boy band in Korea at that time and all my friends were their big fans. We all collected pictures and posters of H.O.T and we were spending a lot of time practicing the choreography of â€Å"Candy†. Although my musical tastes have changed with time, sometimes I like listening to â€Å"Candy† and thinking with nostalgia of the days when my biggest worry was lack of some poster of H.O.T. that my best friend had already had on the wall. This song reminds me of my pre-teen days, my first crash on Kang Ta – one of the members of the band, and the great moments I spent singing and dancing with my friends. I think that preadolescence is a very important stage in our lives, when we start to develop meaningful friendships, we have increased feelings of independence, and we

Book Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Book Review - Essay Example Obama’s political position on many different subjects such as war in Iraq to health care and education. After reading this book I really appreciate the author because he was eloquent and seemed thoughtful. Mr. Obama has an inviting and warm way of communication which shows him as an agent of change in the history of American politics. The writing style of this book is really good but it seems a bit too earnest for political correctness in America. The author presents his faith and values in such a way that is far more comfortable than many other political contemporaries. In this book Mr. Obama does a good job of describing how and why his values cause him to act and think in the way that he does. In my point of view if even someone doesn’t agrees to his plans and policies but will respect his commitment to change and energy of the author. I take issue with the author’s actual policies like health care which may seems great but it will lead to decreased choice and quality for most of the fellow Americans and issues like budget deficits and soaring taxes but I do agree with his policy that our country must overcome the addiction of foreign oil. I also agree on the point that more emphasis required for upholding traditional values and strengthening families. Mr. Obama’s opposition for many different reasonable remedies is really curious. The most important point was the emphasis on finding the root causes of poverty in the world and in our country and we should focus on dangerous issue like teen pregnancy. There are many expressed ideas of Mr. Obama that cannot be aligned with the ridiculous and radical statement of the senator’s pastor, who was the man that inspired the title of this book. In my point of view whether someone is liberal or conservative this book is a great source of information and it gives a great insight into the most significant

MEDIA AUDIENCE EXERCISE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

MEDIA AUDIENCE EXERCISE - Essay Example As a function of this particular analysis, the widely popular news and opinion site the â€Å"Drudge Report† will be analyzed. Although it is true that this particular is most certainly biased and represents a far right of center outlook on the world, is the understanding of this particular analyst that the skewed worldview that it represents fosters is essential in helping to apply the theories of Habermas and Lunt; as they relate to â€Å"media publics† and the means through which they are fostered and represented within current society. At the heart of understanding and appreciating either Habermas or Lunt’s approach to theory is an appreciation for the way in which the communication process itself takes place. Bias and point of view takes the place of objectivistic reason and a level of ethos is inherently present. Within this line of understanding, the â€Å"Drudge Report† offers up a seemingly incessant stream of opinion based â€Å"facts† that serve to confirm and promote the worldview of those that frequent the site. Ultimately, the media public that is being created within this particular case is somewhat unique with respect to many other media publics that exists within the realm of news (McQuail 57) What is meant by this is that the â€Å"news† items that are promoted and presented to the reader of the â€Å"Drudge Report† serve the function of confirming a particular world view; rather than merely presenting the news itself (Lunt 88). Although this is certainly true for m any of the media publics that exist within the current model, it is most certainly the case for the news items that seemingly perpetually recycle themselves on the Drudge Report. As a result of the political orientation and focus that the site promotes, the main source of engagement and/or the media public that is created is defined by a demographic that is largely white, Christian, and middle class. Whereas with any media

Meaning of life - Religion Essay Example for Free

Meaning of life Religion Essay In my opinion, there is no specific meaning of life. There also is a part of me that thinks that life really doesn’t have a meaning at all. But, since I have to try to define life, I would have to say it’s a combination of things in your life that you are living for, or the purpose of you being on this earth. Everyone most likely has a different purpose for being alive. Whether it is family, school, or your career; those things have a lot of impact on your life and also decisions that you make throughout life. In our society, many families instill faith and morals early into their children’s lives by continuing traditions or practices of religious faith. The idea of faith and moral beliefs are instilled in a person by attending or participating in church activities and reading the Bible or other religious texts. When there is a sound moral foundation in a person’s life it may give them the motivation through faith to build a sound structure for their life or to achieve personal goals. Simply put, a person may believe through faith that it is possible to achieve an education, start a family, or to have a successful business or career because of their foundation in faith. The reason why I somewhat think that life really doesn’t have a meaning, is because no matter what anyone does or how well or righteous someone lives their life, in the end they still die. What happens after that? Nothing, you never come back nor will you have any recollection of what went on during your lifetime here on earth. A person can bust their behind in working doing good for the community and everything else and in the end you still end up in the same place as everyone else, good people or bad people, you die. Another reason why I believe life doesn’t have a meaning is because all of the people in this world have to suffer, they still go through pain, they have to watch loved ones die, they still have to go through heartache, and rough times. Being poor, homeless, and not having food for as single meal in the day. Where is the meaning in life when people have to wake up hungry or worry about where they will lay their head that night? I’d say there is none when you look at it from that perspective. In my opinion, the meaning of life is too complex for the human brain to comprehend. People tend to say that they know what the meaning of life is, but who really knows the answer. There are various opinions and schools of thought, however, most people can never and will never reach a clear understanding of what the meaning of life is. If there is meaning in life at all, then there must be meaning in suffering. †? Viktor E. Frankl. Frankl could not have said this quote any better, most people can say that they have found meaning in their life but at the same time, there are some people wondering if the only reason they are on this earth is to suffer on a daily basis throughout their entire lives.

High Renaissance Essay Example for Free

High Renaissance Essay High Renaissance art in Florence, Italy did not last very long, but made an enormous impact on the art world. In the paintings of this era, artists put emphasis on personality and the mental state. Perspective, classical cultures, and anatomy were of a greater interest to the artists of this era. The analysis of Guido Renis Portrait of Cardinal Roberto Ubaldino, Papal Legate to Bologna, Leonardo Da Vincis Mona Lisa, Michaelangelos David, and Raphaels Baldassare Castiglione could offer insight into the paintings of the High Renaissance artists in Italy with respect to personality and the mental state, detail, and use of color. â€Å"High style† was the mainstay of this period of the Renaissance. High style art was characterized as the idealistic, perhaps heavenly. High style had a respect for ancient imperial standards of wealth, magnificence, and grandeur. (Emison, xxx) During the Early Renaissance, artists had to choose between realism and spirituality. During the Early Renaissance, figures were painted to look so real that many thought they lost their spirituality. From then on, an artist had to choose to either make his figures realistic or spiritual. When the High Renaissance began, Leonardo Da Vinci believed that an artist did not have to make that choice. For example, when Da Vinci painted the Last Supper, he made the figures in his painting realistic, however the figures had an undeniable spirituality about them. Da Vinci did not choose between realism and spirituality, he used both. (â€Å"High Renaissance†) The High Renaissance lasted from about 1490 to 1530. This era unfolded amidst a fury of mounting political and religious tension. This affected artists, as well as patrons of the arts, throughout Italy. Political tensions were high. In 1512, Copernicus determined that the sun, not the earth, was the center of the universe. Christopher Columbus discovered the Americas in 1492 and Magellan circumnavigated the world in 1522, which dismissed the idea of a flat earth. All of these discoveries changed many assumptions about human life and rocked the foundation of theology. (â€Å"Italian High Renaissance Period†) In those years, the masters created a new profession with its own rights of expression and its own character. Regional differences existed during this time, not only between Northern Europe and Italy, but within Italy, with the leading artistic centers being Rome and Florence. During the High Renaissance period in Italy, most artists worked for the papacy. These artists explored an interest in perspective, personality, and anatomy that became the main characteristics of the High Renaissance era. In Florence, artists emphasized preliminary drawings, based on careful and detailed preparation, before the painting began, whereas in other parts of Europe, artists just began painting. This is part of the reason why so many regard Italian Renaissance art as the finest art in the world. (Kleiner, 579-623) This artistic period represented a culmination. The High Renaissance artists took all of the artistic explorations of the Proto-Renaissance artists, which flourished during the Early Renaissance, and used these explorations to its full capability. (Esaak) Guido Renis Portrait of Cardinal Roberto Ubaldino, Papal Legate to Bologna was painted in 1627. Oil on canvas and 77 ? by 58 ? inches, it resides at the Los Angeles County Museum of Art. The subject was placed in front of a purple cloth, which insinuated honor, next to a velvet-covered table. The subject had obviously been writing, noting the letter and quill pen in the inkwell. The room opened to the left, revealing a courtyard. Rich colors, depth, and great detail add to the perception of the artist and the personality of the subject. The juxtaposition of the brightly-colored clothing with the dark background keeps the viewers eye on the subject. The subject looks thoughtful, looking at the viewer, giving the air of an intelligent man. Great detail was used by Reni. For example, the flecks of white in the subjects beard, the lines on his hands, the patterns and sheen of the clothing, and the fringe on the bottom of the chair shows that Reni wanted to capture every aspect of the subjects personality. It shows that the subject enjoyed the finer things in life, while looking perhaps within himself for the answers to lifes mysteries. Raphaels Baldassare Castiglione, painted around 1514, oil on canvas, with the dimensions of 2 6 ? † by 2 2 ? †, typifies High Renaissance portraits in the attention the artist paid to the subjects personality and mental state. The painting makes use of muted tones and Raphael favored clarity over obscurity. The muted tones fit the mood and temper of the subject. (Kleiner, 587, 623) The subjects facial features are clear, lending to the notion that Raphael focused on the subjects personality. The subject is dressed soberly, yet splendidly, and looks directly at the viewer. He has a thoughtful and kind gaze. This shows his humanity and lends an emotional openness to the painting. The subject looks sensitive and vulnerable, and his clothing suggest a certain softness to his character. This gives the viewer the feeling that the subject is equal to the viewer. The subject seems open enough to sit with and have an intellectual conversation. (Jones) Leonardo Da Vincis Mona Lisa, painted in the sixteenth century, is an oil painting on poplar panel. The painting depicts a woman with an ambiguous expression. This work has been at the center of study, scrutiny, parody, and myth for many years because of the fascination with the mysterious woman. The subjects expression seems mischievous, and she is looking directly at the viewer, a quality of High Renaissance art. The colors are dark, lending to the mysterious notion of the woman subject. The subject is seated on a marble chair, and behind her, a body of water with some rocks visible create the backdrop. The juxtaposition of the dark background and the skin of the subject tends to keep the viewers eye on the subject. Michelangelos David statue, carved from a single piece of marble and finished in 1504, is the representation of physical male perfection. The Cathedral of Florence commissioned Michelangelo to sculpt the statue from a block of marble that was originally from another project. David was to originally be put up on top of one of the buttresses of the Cathedral, however, when the sculpture was finished, they decided to put it in front of the main government building in Florence, Italy. (â€Å"Michelangelo, David, 1501-4†) All of these artworks are portraits. An great artist who paints portraits must have the skill necessary to depict something beyond its physical appearance to convey the subjects life and character. All of these artists imbued their works with psychological insight and authenticity that other artists of the day could not match. This is what made these particular artworks part of the High Renaissance era of Italy. (â€Å"Captured Emotions†, 3) Figures in portraits that were painted during the Early Renaissance were in profile and cut off at the bust. This was not so with portraits of the High Renaissance. These portraits, such as the Mona Lisa and Baldassare Castiglione, were not painted in profile, but with the face frontal, and the shoulders ? , with hands included. This was done instead of the profile because when the face is frontal, the viewer gets a better sense of the subjects personality. This revealing of the personality in paintings was a main interest during the High Renaissance and in artwork since. (â€Å"Leonardos Mona Lisa†) As was explained through these four examples, High Renaissance art in Florence, Italy focused on subjects personality and minds. The artists wanted to capture what the subject was really like and how they thought. The point of the High Renaissance was to delve deeper, to bring out qualities, not only in the subject, but also in technique and color use, that made the work stand out and say something. High Renaissance artwork has influenced the world of art ever since. For example, when children sit to have their school photo taken, they sit the way the subject in the Mona Lisa did. These works have withstood the test of time and continue to provide insight into not only the subjects personalities and minds, but also the artists.

Case Study On Eastman Kodak

Case Study On Eastman Kodak Eastman Kodak is in most certainty the story of an organization that has failed to correctly manage and implement change. The company which was enjoying sales of around US$10 billion in 1981 has a net income of only US$139 million in 2005. Kodaks brand value also slipped down dramatically. An estimated US$2.6 billion was lost owing to the decrease in organizations brand value. A number of factors played an important role in Eastman Kodaks tragic decline. The most important factor that contributed to Kodaks demise was the rigid thinking on part of its management that stopped them from taking timely initiative towards adoption of digital technology in digital communications segment of the company. Another important letdown related to change implementation occurred when Kodaks management failed to realize that it needs to continuously monitor the changes occurring in the environment and then take small continuous steps towards complete adoption of a particular change if analysis reveals that it is good for the overall organizational well being. In the ensuing paragraphs a detailed discussion will be carried out examining what went wrong at Eastman Kodak and what are the possible remedial steps that can be taken. Problem 1: Kodak missing the information age The biggest strategic blunder committed by the management of Eastman Kodak was that it failed to correctly anticipate the needs of changing time. While the competitors around them were constantly innovating and coming up with new products in line with the changing needs of the market, the management at Kodak was happy being stuck with the old products and ways of thinking. A big factor contributing to the amazing collapse of Kodak was managements approach towards finding solutions to strategic problems being faced by the organization. The Rational Thinking Perspective (RTP) was successfully utilized by Kodak in its infancy when RTP was the main perspective being used by leading businesses around the globe but, as time passed and fierce competition started emerging Kodak ignored the need to change its core business technology from silver-halide film technology to the digital technology. This failure to foresee change and sticking to RTP was a huge strategic blunder on part of Kodaks m anagement and could well have been avoided had the management at Eastman Kodak used Generative Thinking Perspective (GTP) to solve the strategic problems being faced by the organization. Rational Thinking Perspective (RTP) versus Generative Thinking Perspective (GTP) The followers of Rational Thinking Perspective (RTP) notably Kenneth Andrews argue that the strategy analysis and formulation stages should be carried out with due diligence and with extreme care (Erasmus Schenk, 2008). The proponents of RTP believe that the issues being faced by organizations are adequately clear and a thorough analysis of relevant data will reveal the future course of direction that should be chosen (Oliver, 2009). The RTP can easily be broken down into four main stages starting from data analysis and setting of strategic objectives followed by planning stage to carrying out the implementation of the defined objectives (Wit Meyer, 2010). The followers of generative perspective school of thought (GTP) reject the RTP by saying that in the fast paced world of today the rational and systematic logic cannot be used for decision making (Paauwe, 2004). GTP argues that enterprise problems can only be solved by interactive actions. GTP believes that strategy making is a p rocess of reflecting, envisioning, experimenting and learning that can never be neatly organized, programmed or conceptualized (Hoogervorst, 2009). Strategies to resolve the problem Kodak totally depended on the strictly logical Rational Thinking perspective (RTP) in the production and sales of cameras and films which allowed competitors to slowly snatch the market share of Eastman Kodak in the camera industry it previously dominated. Kodak could easily have avoided the losses in revenues at the hand of fierce competition from rival organizations had the management used Generative Thinking Perspective (GTP) to tackle the changing environment needs. GTP, with its emphasis on using intuitive approaches to meet emerging challenges in the marketplace, would have helped Kodaks management in foreseeing that it needs to move from the traditional film camera to the digital camera in order to keep in line with changing consumer needs. Problem 2: Extreme times need extreme measures Kodaks lack of initiative to adapt to changing needs of the market was another reason for the organizations gradually faded into oblivion. The management of the organization, led by Daniel Carp failed to realize the looming danger in the forms of innovative product offering by rival organization. The introduction of Mavica, a filmless digital camera by Sony Corporation as early as 1981 should have served as a warning signal for Kodaks management, but the top management failed to foresee the looming signs of a disaster. A provocative management team would have adopted the Continuous Renewal Perspective (CRP) as early as the 1980s to gradually start making progress towards complete adoption of digital technology solutions. The strategy to use CRP would have immensely helped Kodak in maintaining its crown as the undisputed market leader in the camera industry. The Kodaks management woes dont stop here, years later when the digital technology totally rule the camera manufacturing industr y, the management is still confused as to whether it should or should not go for DRP as it entails the management to assume the level of risk it is simply not used. Discontinuous Renewal Perspective (DRP) versus Continuous Renewal Perspective (CRP) There are two main perspectives that describe how change is brought about in an organization. The first perspective i.e. the discontinuous renewal perspective (DRP) argues that change should be rapid and radical (Cummings Worley, 2009). The DRP involves a rapid change in the structure, technology, people and strategy pursued by the organization (Lussier, 2008). The supporters of DRP believe it is an excellent process to follow in case an organization has to make a transformational change since it will help the organization to quickly respond to external disruptions and quickly reach a period of smooth growth (Daft, 2009). The other perspective i.e. the continuous renewal perspective (CRP) argues that introducing change in an organization should be a process of continuous improvement (Crowthe Green, 2004). The proponents of CRP argue that it is a very profitable process to follow for the entire organization, since these changes can be carried out with the accepted organizational fra mework and value systems without making unnecessary changes to organizational structure (Weick Quinn, 1999). Strategies to resolve the problem In the early 1980s the management of Eastman Kodak should have started the process of slow transforming their key resources from silver-halide film technology to digital technology, but they did not take any concrete step in this regard. Years later, with the rivals now possessing state-of-the-art digital technologies Eastman Kodak is now left with no choice and solution but to undergo a radical revolutionary change towards adopting the digital technology in all stages of the post-digital photography value chain. The management of Kodak must however by very careful in making the transition as any mistake at this point would spell serious trouble for the future of the firm. Problem 3: Dilemma of choosing between MBV and RBV Film, paper, chemicals and photo processing were the four areas where Kodak traditionally held supremacy over its rivals but, with the advent of new age of digital technology Kodak could no longer reap benefits out of the old sources of competitive advantage. The fundamental problem being faced by Kodaks management is that Kodak does not hold any advantage over its rival organizations when it comes to possessing new age photography resources such as digitization technology along with storage, retrieval, transmission, manipulation and projection solutions. The advent of digital age has put Kodak in a serious dilemma, in order to compete with its rivals it has to move into the digital printing medium, an area where Eastman Kodak naturally has no experience in. In order to move into the digital printing medium Kodak has to compete with organizations such as Sony, Mitsubishi, and Canon who have their core competency oriented towards the digital technology. Resource Based View (RBV) versus Market Based View (MBV) The Resource Based View (RBV) opines that each firm should within its boundaries to find out that precious blend of resources that are valuable, costly and are rare to imitate (Sanchez, 2008). Once an organizations key resources are identified the management should then mount a search to discover for the markets where those resources can be utilized (Matlay, 2005). The RBP is also known as an inside-out approach to organizational decision making whereby an organizations core competency is defined by the way it leverages and exploits its resources (Schwenker Spremann, 2009). As compared to the RBV, the Market Based View (MBV) emphasis that an organization can only gain crucial advantage over its competitors if it looks towards the threats and opportunities existing in the marketplace (Enders, 2004). The MBV has an outside-in perspective which emphasizes that a firms position in the marketplace is an extremely important determinant of its success or failure (Woodside, 2008). Strategies to resolve the problem In order to compete with the changing business scenario a new strategy was announced in September 2003 in which Kodaks management aimed to pay complete attention on display and inkjet segments of the market. This change in Kodaks strategy comes with the change in the needs of the target market with customers moving away from the film based cameras to digital cameras. The supreme focus of firms in the photography business is on capturing the customers who believe in printing hard copies of digital images by offering them various options such as desktop inkjet printers, printing at kiosks etc. Kodak has taken up the challenge by setting up minilabs and kiosks where customers can come and easily get a hard copy of their digital photos. Kodak needs to carefully present its offering to its intended target market as it has to compete with a number of settled players with extensive technical expertise in the digital photo-finishing market. Problem 4: Dilemma between choosing competition or cooperation in strategy Kodak, facing the daunting challenge of competing with technologically superior organizations launched an aggressive campaign of acquiring companies and latest technologies in order to address the ever changing needs of the consumer market. From the acquisition of Scitex Digital Printing to forming strategic partnership with Verizon Wireless and buying a 50% stake in Nexpress Solutions, Kodak embarked upon a massive strategic partnership making mission that resulted in depressed cash flows for the organization and created disinterest among the investment community. Kodaks decision to aggressively pursue Embedded Organization Perspective (EOP) was seen as a desperate attempt by the organization to build its resource base in the imaging industry, an area where it hardly gives any competition to its rival technologically superior organizations. Discrete Organization Perspective (DOP) versus Embedded Organization Perspective (EOP) The Discrete Organization Perspective (DOP) views organizations as autonomous units that compete with other organizations in an extremely hostile external environment (Wit Meyer, 2010). According to this perspective each organization is taken as being detached from its environment and having a sharply defined boundary that sets it apart from the external world (Ostroff Judge, 2012). The managers having DOP believe that relationship with other organizations should be kept formal and too much dependency on outside organizations should be avoided since it can lead to the rival firm taking undue advantage of the organization (English, 2011). The Embedded Organization Perspective (EOP) believes that business is not all about being at war with other organizations in the marketplace. According to EOP the main aim of business is value creation and organizations can only maximize value when they work together to achieve a common goal (Wit Meyer, 2010). Strategies to resolve the problem The management of Eastman Kodak should make sure that they do not take hasty merger and acquisition decision as it would send wrong signals both to the investment community and the customers alike. At this crucial juncture in the history of Kodak, each and every decision should be taken keeping the best interests of the organization in mind and in order to do so the management must first thoroughly examine if a merger and acquisition decision will be profitable for the organization and what effect it will produce on potential customers and investors of the firm. The management at Eastman Kodak must first clearly define its intended target market and then develop partnership with organizations which can help Kodak in offering highest quality products and services armed with latest technology to the consumers. Problem 5: Dilemma between choosing competition or cooperation in strategy Eastman Kodak faces the dilemma between choosing a globalization or localization strategy. The old and outdated model of sales based on the traditional analogue technology has proved to be successful in some of the emerging Eastern markets predominantly the Chinese market but, in the competitive Western market where the competition is much more severe and rival organizations have developed their core competencies strictly on the more advanced digital technology Kodak needs to quickly get its core technology in line with their competitors. Global Convergence Perspective (GCP) versus International Diversity Perspective (IDP) The Global Convergence Perspective (GCP) puts forward the argument of a boundary less world in which people with similar mindset see eye-to-eye. The opponents of GCP argue that imposition of foreign norms, values, behaviours and habits in their home country harms national culture and hurts the feelings of national sovereignty (Wit Meyer, 2010). As compared to the GCP, the International Diversity Perspective (IDP) argues that world must be kept a diverse place where national cultures are retained and local autonomy is given the highest value (Wit Meyer, 2010). It is a generally observed phenomenon that in countries where people have strong nationalistic views the International Diversity Perspective (IDP) can be successfully used by multinational organizations in promotion of their products and services while in countries with where nationalistic feelings are far less pronounced the Global Convergence Perspective (GCP can be successfully used for product and service promotion (Wit M eyer, 2010). Strategies to resolve the problem The management of Eastman Kodak needs to realize that while the old and outdated analogue technology may succeed in the emerging Eastern market, there are no bright prospects for the use of this obsolete technology in the more developed Western markets. It is right time now that the management of Kodak build-up a global strategy using the GCP which can help the organization to make use of its silver-halide technology in the emerging markets while at the same time incorporating the much more developed digital technology for producing and marketing its products and services in the Western market. Conclusion The management of Eastman Kodak committed a number of mistakes in running the business operation including its complete reliance on internal organizational competencies for an extended period of time and then abruptly changing the strategy to merge with and acquire a huge number of organizations sending wrong signals to the investment community. Although Kodak faces a number of challenges posed by the technologically superior rival organizations but, if it correctly uses management strategies aimed at constantly changing the organizational policies in line with industry benchmarks there are bright chances that Kodak can win back its lost position.

Factors Affecting Research Culture at Universities in Pakistan Essay

Abstract— Research is an integral part of the higher education. Teachers and students spend weeks to find a good topic related to the field of study, data collection and analysis and finally in writing papers. Conducting research and writing papers creates a healthy activity amongst faculty and students which results in knowledge creation and emergence of research culture. Faculty at universities could be divided into two broad categories of teachers and researcher. These categories are good in their preferred field only. The challenges faced by the faculty related to research vary between private and public sectors too. However, this research shows that the leadership, curriculum, people, external environment and research experience are important factors for a research culture at universities. Keywords— research, university, higher education, leadership, faculty and inter-personal collaboration I. INTRODUCTION Research could be described as the first step in knowledge creation, which starts with search, passes through the steps of learning, teaching and ends at knowledge creation. Academia has an important role in the dissemination of knowledge to the wider society through direct and indirect interaction. A product of an individual, group or society of intelligent beings is known as culture, showing that culture is learnt through research. Therefore, the research culture can be defined as the act of knowledge creation, sharing and translated into action [1]. The term research culture is a combination of two words research and culture. The word research means â€Å"a careful or diligent search† or â€Å"the process of collecting information about a particular subject†. On the other hand the word culture could be explained as â€Å"the act ... ...ding for such activities are respected for their work as well as the funding that they attract [9]. Universities have two basic purposes of existence - teaching and research – both of which are public trust, therefore, the universities have to prove worthy of it. Universities in the developing countries are not allowed to perform independently. Furthermore universities lack resources if the government support is withdrawn. Therefore, they need to find necessary resources to be able to survive. This can be done by becoming innovative and accessible to as many as possible [11]; [12]; [13]. While studying the research culture in Caribbean universities, [14], it was mentioned that the research culture is one of the pre-requisites for a country to be able to find solutions to their problems rather than importing and adapting the knowledge created in other countries.

Is hypnosis and effective method to Improve Health? Essay -- essays re

Is Hypnosis an Effective Method to Improve Health? Many high schools have hypnotists come to their school to entertain the students. Once a hypnotist came to the Fletcher High School gymnasium and hypnotized about a half dozen people. He convinced these six people into believing they were five years old watching their favorite cartoon. Their mannerisms were shocking. They truly believed they were five-years-old, throwing a fit when the hypnotist told them their mother just turned off the cartoons. Knowing that it is very hard to remember back to when a person is five-years-old, it was amazing that the power of hypnosis made them remember so easily. It seemed as if the hypnotist could make them remember anything. Just before the students woke from their hypnosis, the hypnotists told them they would be fully rested and feel extremely good about his or herself. Afterwards, they remarked on how rested they felt. A hypnotist can make people feel completely rested while being under hypnosis, and make people believe things that are not true. Why stop there though? If something hurts, then tell the hypnotherapist to suggest under hypnosis that the pain is gone and does not bother them anymore and the person will feel better. If someone has a stuttering problem, then they can visit a hypnotherapist and he should be able to straighten up their speech so they can speak more clearly. Likewise, a person’s self-confidence could be uplifted and they Stayton 2 could begin to believe in his or herself. Some people could even be anesthetized for surgery using hypnosis. Many people are hypnotized for entertainment purposes, so maybe it should also be used to help people with problems that are hard to resolve. Hypnosis can be used to relieve pain, conquer almost any fear, eliminate the use unnecessary prescription medicines, and help a person to overcome alcoholism and to overcome drug addictions. Also, upon finding support from a hypnotherapist, many have been able to quit addictive habits such as smoking. Conquering phobias is a specialty of hypnotherapists. A phobia is a compulsive fear of a specified situation or object (Knight 2). A few types of phobias are fear of open spaces, fear of snow, fear of the cold, fear of marriage, fear of insanity, fear of being alone, fear of darkness, fear of disease, fear of beards, fear of birds, fear of being stared at, fear of bein... ...nly one aspect of hypnosis. If a hypnotist can make someone remember something so far back and make that person reenact those memories, hypnosis could be a powerful tool regarding many health problems caused by brain activities. There is so much more that has yet to be discovered. Estabrooks, George H., Hypnotism. New York: E.P. Dutton & Co. Inc., 1957. â€Å"Hypnosis and Smoking: The Mighty Power of Suggestion.† Smoking Cessation. N. pag. Online. Internet. 13 Apr. 2000. Available WWW: http://www.hypnosis.about.com/smoking.hypnos.htm Kirsch, Irving, Antonio Capafons, Etzel Cardeà ±a-Buelna, Salvador Amigà ³. Clinical Hypnosis and Self-Regulation. Washington D.C.: American Psychological Association, 1999. Knight, Bryan. â€Å"You Can Conquer Your Phobia.† Hypnogenesis. N. pag. Online. Internet. 13 Apr. 2000. Available WWW: http://www.hypnos.co.uk/hypnomag/drknigh3.htm Nicoli, Thomas. â€Å"Pain and Physical Disorder – Relief Through Hypnosis.† Hypnogenesis. N. pag. Online. Internet. 13 Apr. 2000. Available WWW: http://www.hypnos.co.uk/hypnomag/nicoli1.htm Schneck, Jerome M. Hypnosis in Modern Medicine. Springfield: Charles C. Thomas, 1953. Wolff, Michael. Personal Interview. 28 Apr. 2000.

Imaging Techniques and Cognitive Function Essay examples -- Medicine

Neuroimaging is a multidiscipline science and experts from the field of psychology, statistics, physics and physiology all contribute to its further development (Poldrack et al., 2007). In the last 20 years the imaging techniques developed from single proton emission tomography (SPET) to positron emission tomography (PET) and finally to functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) (Page, 2006). Their applications are numerous in experimental and cognitive psychology. However, at one level they can constitute another dependent variable (brain activity) as a response to an independent variable (stimulus manipulation) and at the other level, understanding the structure and processes of the brain can shed light on ‘normal’ cognitive functioning (Kaye, 2010). Therefore, this essay will argue that imaging techniques not only tell us about the brain structure but also try to explain its cognitive functions. Two non-invasive imaging techniques will be put forward, namely, electr oencephalogram (EEG) that measures electrical activity and gives excellent temporal resolution and fMRI that is based on changes in blood supply and provides excellent spatial resolution. The claim will be evaluated in the light of their basic assumptions, methodology and contribution to examining the brain function. Relevant evidence of studies with healthy adults will be provided. Finally, technologies that can only show the brain structure will be introduced. First, let us look at the electroencephalogram (EEG), which is based on recordings of electrical brain activity with millisecond temporal resolution and it provides â€Å"the most direct measure correlate of ongoing brain processing that can be obtained non-invasively (Johnsrude and Hauk, 2010, p. 28). The ba... ...12 from http://web.ebscohost.com.libezproxy.open.ac.uk/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=1b047404-ffff-413f-b018-a4213e391053%40sessionmgr115&vid=2&hid=110 Page, M. A. (2006). What can't functional neuroimaging tell the cognitive psychologist?. Cortex: A Journal Devoted To The Study Of The Nervous System And Behavior, 42(3), 428-443. Retrieved May 5, 2012 from http://www.sciencedirect.com.libezproxy.open.ac.uk/science/article/pii/S0010945208703757 Poldrack, R.A., Fletcher, P.C., Henson, R.N., Worsley, K.J., Brett, M. and Nichols, T.E. (2007). Guidelines for reporting an fMRI study. NeuroImage, 40 (2), 409-414. Retrieved May 5, 2012 from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811907011020 Whatson, T. (2006) Studying the brain: Techniques and technology. In Exploring the Brain (2nd ed.), 11-41, The Open University, Milton Keynes.

Financial Development In 1985 Essay

In 1985, the interest rates were lower and more stable than in other years. 1978 experienced lowest short-term interest rates while long-term interest rate declined to a rate that has never been seen since 1980. The real interest rates- nominal rates adjusted for inflation- were also lower in 1985 than other years though going by historical standards, they remained very high. From January to early march, both short-term rates and long-term rates rose moderately by yearly highs. This is partly because of the strong demand for business credit and the ending of a period during which the Federal Reserve eased the pressure on banks on their reserve positions. Interest rate declined by April and June. The factors behind interest rate ________________________________ 5. Douglas A. Irwin & Joseph H. Davis. â€Å"Trade Disruptions and America’s Early Industrialization,† (2003). NBER Working Papers 9944, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. demand for business loans. Another factor that contributed to the second quarter drop in interest rates was because of the cut in the Federal Reserve’s discount rate. After midyear, the short-term rate fluctuated in a narrow range, slightly above June lows. By early December, the U. S. Treasury bill rate was 7. 10 percent. This was about one percent lesser than that of 1984. The long-term interest rate also fluctuated in the third quarter; however, in the late of October, it dropped rapidly. The continued drop in long-term rate was because of the low rate of inflation, the signs that showed that the economy would remain sluggish and that monetary policies would not tighten. Interest rates in 1985 were more stable than the most recent years. The rate of fluctuations for short-term rates was within the range of one and one-half-percentage points in the year compared to the three percent points in 1984 and considerably less than 1980-1984 periods. The long-term rates were also stable in 1985 and the rate of fluctuations was between a narrow range that was less than two percentage points. Nominal rates and interest rates were low in 1985 but going by historical standards, there were high. Growths in Monetary Policy in 1985 The growth in monetary policies in 1985 was moderately higher than that of 1984. M1 grew faster than most recent years while M2 grew fastest than in 1984. The growth rate of M3 in 1985 was less than that of 1984. M1, known as money supply grew at an annual rate of 11. 6 percent for the first 11 months of 1985. This is more than twice the growth in 1984. The resurgence in the growth of demand deposit and a rebound in the growth of 6. Diebold, Francis X & Rudebusch, Glenn D, â€Å"Have Postwar Economic Fluctuations Been Stabilized? ,† September 1992. American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 82(4), pages 993-1005. other checkable deposits caused the rapid growth. After exhibiting little growth on balance in the past five years, demand deposit grew to 8. 0 percent rate in the first 11 months of 1985. There was a sharp declination in M1’s turnover in 1985 just as it grew more rapidly than nominal GNP. M2 grew at an annual rate of 8. 6 percent in the first 11 months of 1985. This was somewhat more than that of 1984. In contrast to the growth of M1’s in 1985, M2’ growth was likened to the growth of 1980-1984 periods. Several other components in M2 grew rapidly in 1985 than in 1984. Savings deposit increased in 1985 after contrasting in 1984. Some of the 1985 growths may have come from the expense of small-time deposits. M3 slowed sharply in contrast to M1 and M2 in 1985. M3 grew at an annual rate off 8. 3 percent for the first 11 months of 1985. This is considerably less than that of any recent years. This slow growth was because of the declined growth in large denomination time deposits. Growth of term repurchase agreement and institution-only markets fund were slowed down in 1985. The growth of domestic non-financial debt also slowed in the first 11 months of 1985, growing at a rate of 12. 8 percent, which moderately low than that of 1984. This nonfinancial debt consists of outstanding debts of all governmental units, household, and nonfinancial businesses.

Outline and Evaluate research into the effects of deprivation Essay

Deprivation refers the flicker of attachment that has already been made. Bowlby has conducted a pillow slip playing field of little John whose let was admitted to the hospital and he showed effect of niggling term loss. He found that he had gone through 3 stages which he called the PDD sequence (Protest, Despair and Detachment).At prime(prenominal) when he was separated from his mother, he showed signs of quetch and he was crying, sh erupting and shows signs of desperate attempts to sterilise his mother to return.But after a period of time, he appeared to be calmer just now showed signs of depression, these take on refusing to eat and play. At last, he rejected his mother at reunification although he looked okay on the surface. admonition for the study is that it is a case study of an individual, so it basis non be generalized to the public.Bowlbly has similarly conducted a study on 44 juvenile thieves. He interviewed 44 manly teen criminal who displayed affectionless psychopathy to deem if they come experient early musical interval in the first 2 geezerhood of age. He has found that 12 out of 14 affectionless psychopaths had experienced prolonged insularity from mothers in the first 2 years.And 5 out of 30 who were non affectionless psychopaths had experienced deprivation. So he had jumped to the conclusion that deprivation before the age of two allow for lead to affection psycopathy and this supports his idea of deprecative period.However, his assumption is too big as he was trying to draw a ca persona and effect. He had not manipulated the variables and this is that a correlation study. Also, he has not taken into the account of what had happened during the period amongst 2 years old and young years. The boys may have other experiences e.g. get together a gang and that had lead them into being affectionless psychopaths.Also, the sample size is small and he has only used male participants in his study, so the sample is not repl ete(p) example and this study cannot be generalized.Bowlby wanted to use this study to proof his theory and he used an interview approach in this study. He might have asked confidential information question and lead the participants into answering the answers that he wanted. So this study may not be truthful. And this research is retrospective, which he had the participants to let the cat out of the bag about their past, and memory could be ill-shapen and may not give complete answer.Moreover, in that respect may be voltage self-serving bias in the teenage boys as they may want to collect excuses for their behaviour, so they may blame the built in bed and make themselves to appear in good light.Furthermore, Bowlby has suggested a maternal deprivation hypothesis. He proposed that a child needs consecutive presence of a primary explosive charge giver in the first 1.5 to 2 years of age. Or else they will keep up from long term effects of deprivation, these include mental ret ardation, depression, affectionless psychopathy, etc. However, Rutters study on privated Romanian orphans has suggested effects of privation can be overcome as it was shown that there wasnt long term negative effects in the orphans after they have been adopted to a loving home.

Ranbaxy Case Project Essay

Eli Lilly Ranbaxy is an example of a joint venture that was pursued keyword with the right strategy, which was a result due to a changing US pharmaceutical market and a rapidly expanding ancient India market. The two companies in this IJV were both significant players within their home countries, Eli Lilly and Company in the US and Ranbaxy Laboratories Limited extract from India. When the possibility of establishing a joint venture was approached in 1992, the Indian market for other pharmaceuticals was becoming more open to foreign direct investment.Also India at the time was putting a lower limit on the amount of foreign ownership, from 40 percent to 51 percent, creating less foreign competition in the region.If much everything is functioning smoothly, continue with the plan but you always have the choice to change different elements up to suit the requirements of your organization if there are roadblocks on the way.The evolution of the kidney international joint venture was str ategically handled with early success, starting off with the name of the company, aged Eli Lilly Ranbaxy; it was strategically named for future success within the region. Mascarenhas stated, â€Å"The same reason for this was based on my earlier experience in India, where ‘good quality’ rightly or wrongly, was associated start with foreign imported goods.Eli Lilly Ranbaxy sounded foreign enough! † With Ranbaxy being the largest manufacturer of bulk pharmaceuticals in India, and with a domestic market share of 15 percent, they provided the knowledge needed for the local domestic market and helped establish a name in the region for Lilly. Mascarenhas and Gulati had a public good working and personal relationship; they had good interdependent communication, which was a crucial factor in the JV implementation and because Ranbaxy provided Eli Lilly with easy entrance and networks to the young Indian market.Eden Project isnt just a favorite tourist attraction, its a so cial enterprise that intends to inspire private individuals to go on a journey of discovery about the type of society we wish to live (Eden Project, 2011).

The first joint venture provided product and marketing strategies, in which they employed successful corporate social responsibility of providing the physicians start with relevant medical information Ranbaxy and Lilly were two companies that were successful in establishing a joint new venture because they had a lot of the same common values. They both had high ethical standards, when presenting how their products to doctors within the market; they would answer all questions correctly and to the best of preventing their knowledge.Since their products were not known within the local market, Eli Lilly used a strong sense of honesty called the â€Å"Red little book values†, with local doctors and began to gain their respect and trust. young Andrew Mascarenhas, from Eli Lilly and Company was the first successful managing director good for the joint venture.Strategic human resources ensures sufficient staffing to satisfy your organization objectives, matching the appropriate many individuals with the skills in the acceptable time.Mascarenhas and his team had to strategize on how to popular appeal to a wider range of employees through future opportunities amongst the company. Eli Lilly Ranbaxy invested in a military training program. The program was created for the employees to hold strong values for the positions they were hired unlooked for and the positions were customized to Indian standards.Mascarenhas brought Eli Lilly’s values to the joint venture; he what was instrumental in the training program and made sure those values were shared.The moment the author is appointed, they begin working on your introductory essay in line.

Aided by his knowledge in marketing, the JV saw an improved rapid growth in sales.Rajiv Gulati was shortly promoted after Chris Shaw. Already having history with the joint venture Gulati how was initially the director of marketing and sales. He saw his time as the director an opportunity for growth, which was achieved by implementing medical and regulatory units which helped the company exceed the average economic growth rate in the Indian pharmaceutical industry.Supply forecasting determines the resources accessible to satisfy the demands.The initial start up of the temporomandibular joint venture was faced with constant challenges, many in the form of government regulations great but because of the functional working relationships between Mascarenhas and Gulati, the JV reached their break-even point in 1996 wired and soon realized profitability. With the growth of the pharmaceutical market the company also went through significant changes to keep up with innovations.New manag ers were introduced during the course of these changes and launched multiple new successful units, which saw a steady annual economic growth rate of 8 percent. The joint venture also became the world’s 12th leading pharmaceutical supplier in last over 150 countries by 2001, and continuously developed new drugs through extensive research and development.It is a instrument to develop business strategies unlooked for businesses that are existing as well as for start-up companies.

When they learned the patent general laws changed in India, it encouraged them to establish a joint venture there. The experience brought about by the new international joint venture helped both companies enhance its overall market line and its great potential of innovation and discovery.Eli Lilly and Company gained experience in the market perspective of Asian many countries while establishing India as their hub. Also they gained significant experience in how to introduce preventing their products within a market where they were not commonly known.Normally, an international joint venture is a company thats owned by some companies of distinct nationalities.The main reason for the they separation, is that each company started to focus on different objectives when the industry started to grow, Ranbaxy focusing on generics and Lilly focusing on research and development. To implement this action Eli Lilly would have to buy out Ranbaxy’s financial stake within the company.Wit h Indian regulations favoring towards a more foreign owned market, this strategy would allow Eli Lilly total ownership logical and control over their present and future products specifically because of enhanced patent protection for the medico pharmaceutical industry. Though this is action could lead to potential profits in research and further development for Lilly, the implications of these actions could come with potential losses, not factoring in the high cost of the buyout.With the rise of the pharmaceutical marketplace it also went through important changes to keep up with inventions.

With your prior skills inventory, you will learn which employees in your big business are readily available to fulfill your demand.Workers that are employed in the insurance industry might have to take a test whether insurance is your suitable career choice for them to find out.Risks start with instant consequences ought to be addressed on a priority basis to prevent any harm.Finally, though it is a simple mere fact that globalization plays a important part in spreading the impacts of the global financial crisis on the opposite side of the Earth, it is likewise true that after measures were taken to halt the catastrophe from accelerating, the worldwide economy hauled back letter from the verge.

Accent Discrimination on the Job Essay

The result scenario that I chose was on speech pattern mark favoritism. In this scenario an employee named m are has had her subcontr human activity endanger payable to tardiness, attendance, and run-in problems. specifically her speedy dustup patterns and impenetrable mark had put out to confabulation issues indoors her study. This division is of the essence(p) for the contain of pagan vicissitude because m any mass who take up to the unite recounts conduct accents. I would equal to rat whether style issues such as having an accent are satisfactory thou for end. To me this would deliberatem to be an act of difference that conflicts with the cultivated Rights cause (L.A. NOW, 2012). and so I would destiny to study the lyric poem of the nozzle to see if marias skid applies.I computer programme to look into the fall in States commensurate avocation chance commitment (2002 EEOC weightlift Release, 2011) as healthy as publications on wo rkplace forthrightness and dissimilitude from authorities websites. apt cases to research would be new(prenominal) lyric disagreement suits, peculiarly any filed against Employers for outlaw(a) end delinquent to an accent. withal berths could personify where the cleverness to be silent in landing field English would be compulsive to mavins employment, depending on the obligatory responsibilities of a particular job. whatever other(a) cases where a preceding(prenominal) has already been quite a little would be laboursaving to relieve oneself discrimination in marias situation or come-at-able unlawful termination (piece of work Fairness, 2009).ReferencesEEOC fight down Release. (2011). Employees shoot For oratory Spanish On The Job, reflection wakeless sunup in inhering wrangle. Retrieved from www.eeoc.gov.L.A. NOW. (2012). State Senate approves notation forbidding row discrimination. Retrieved from http//latimesblogs.latimes.com/lanow/2009/04/e nglish-only.htmlThe U.S. bear upon practice probability Commission. (2002). linguistic process uses stress discrimination. Retrieved from http//www.eeoc.gov/ constitution/docs/national-origin.htmlWorkplace Fairness. (2009). Language discrimination. Retrieved from http//www.workplacefairness.org/language

Apple and Increasing Market Share

orc ticklish apple tree Inc. is a palmy developer of whatsoeverwhat(prenominal)(prenominal) reck cardinalrs and consumer electronics. The confederacys to a heavy(p)er extent than than(prenominal) or slight(prenominal) democratic crossings involve mac com imputeing machines, iPod mp3 shammers, iPh genius smartph unrivall(a)eds and near lately the iPad, which is a crossbreed of a launch argona figurer, and an e contributor. apples mackintosh reck aners, iPods, iPhones, and iPads tot entirelyy circumstances characteristics that arrest them break a transgress of the mutual breeding applied science intentness. However, since they be truly polar harvest- whiles undividedly snuff its to a oft ad hoc labor.The mac ready reckoners atomic number 18 entangle in the person-to-person in ar targetion processing goerning body patience, iPods in the individualised media doer home and, depending on the direct, the expeditious net gather crook (mid(prenominal)) commercializedize place and iPhones to the smartphone and MID intentness. The iPad has non been force let bug outd to the prevalent creation yet, neverthe little(prenominal) pick uping its un wish features it could run wretched to just about trades. However, it for affirm some in all in all prototypeizedlihood be competing with the net exercise t adequate to(p)ts, net track records, and e subscribers. Considering their rivalrys, one could meditation that the iPad lead belong to two PC and eReader trades.By incorporating foodstuff judicial decision and predictions for each of orchard apple trees reapings, as unharmedsome as consumer drapeigate into the promotional system, apple go a way of life be able to emend its carre foursome gross gross r razeue 10% all oer 2011. mackintosh calculators ar orchard apple trees grizzlyest produce category. Their impairment sp here is signifi behindtly postgraduate than W indows lay d possesscast PCs. This k straight offl environ, combine with apples pop mac vs. PC goggle box recording set ads, nominate enounce us a short(p) here and now intimately(prenominal) orchard apple trees sharpen consumer. In the mackintosh vs. PC ads, mackintosh is delineate by a young, chic individual enchantment PC is be by a mountd(prenominal) nerd.This characterization of mackintosh, match with its postgraduate scathes (the rubbishyest mackintosh stags for $999), tells us that mac is stressful to deplume junior individuals, inwardly the 18-24, 25-34 and 35-44 sequence hold up with a risque-pitched taketime-than-aver season income of the $50,000-$79,000 wall support and supra. callable to the high expense promontory, apple is maneuvering college graduates, beca character they scarper to tally to a ampleer extent capital. In the furthest-famed mack vs. PC ads, macintosh is represent by a phallic sham indicating that the piddle away ons behind commercialise whitethorn be or so to a capitaler extent(prenominal) aimed at males than feminines (Get a mackintosh let in the TV Ads).Maintaining the reliable laughingstock grocery remembering appears to be a prudent schema since bring downward(a) sets now in fellowship to coach up slight considerable consumers could fortune orchard apple trees stunt woman as a attitude symbolisation and its filth equity, oddly when one reads a late look at of orchard apple tree consumer psychographics in which mac substance ab practicers were considered to be less mild and to a majusculeer extent conscious of their egotism superiority than the oecumenic population. I would recommend, unless, that the mac non all told tin the female person listening or fourth- family consumers. senesced consumers operate to acquit ofttimes(prenominal)(prenominal) spendable income than the jr. consumer. Therefore, with the crisscrossmarks high(prenominal)(prenominal) set point, it would shop moxie to involve the 45+ consumers in promotional outline as puff up (Fried). As part of the in the flesh(predicate) estimator labor, macintoshs atomic number 18 goernment boardncy out to some(prenominal)(prenominal) crooks occurring within the exertion. send-off, industrial envision is fit green goddesss much(prenominal) than than than strategical in the minds of consumers than technical give lessonsnological features. Consumers neediness ready reckoners that argon to a niftyer extent adjudge-away and g days cover undertake on and nurture requirements.Lower- legal injuryd mini- nonebooks be nice much than and to a greater extent prevalent with consumers. It should be noteworthy that the concord to Gartner, mini-notebooks were the further developing PC instalment in 2009. In an different(prenominal) parvenuefangled-fangled force field by Gartner, it was pr edicted that by 2014 in a fledged commercialize, rule would be the indigenous causal daysnt 20% of consumers bequeath mold to buy a in the altogether computer. However, computer firms should consider not provided the outwards see of the machine. Consumers excessively loss comfy systems that mildew puff up with their new(prenominal) electronic inventions.The befriendment grammatical constituent impacting the individualised computer grocery is affix submerging on purporting flush young consumers. The main features anticipate to inveigle these juvenilitys ar pay heedscreens and cheap mini-notebooks. Gartner has predicted that by 2015, more than 50% of PCs interchange to pulmonary tuberculosisrs beneath the term of 15 volition go pull back motescreens. as salubrious the query come with predicted that 20% of mini-notebooks would be change to consumers 12 old hop on of years and junior by 2012. It is resemblingly predicted that mini-notebook gross revenue to children exit be the quick development fraction among PCs (Kitagawa).Considering this in dresstingion thither ar umteen some other(prenominal) roads orchard apple tree squirt take to incr hush their foodstuff portion in the own(prenominal) computer industry. First, for consumers who fate cheaper options, portability, and s hygienic purport, apple should procedure this as an probability to daub the iPad as an election to the mini-notebook. The $499 occasionummy is dependent of streamlet apples sport Microsoft stake, iWorks, and in the prospective day the iPad finish neckc helpingh whitethorn accept Microsoft Office apps.The artifice fundamentally set asides consumers to do more or less the said(prenominal) things as a mini-notebook entirely has the sleeker rule and more substance absubstance ab applyr gracious porthole that consumers atomic number 18 demanding. An survival of the fittest to this would be for a pple to institution a mini-notebook edition of the macintosh since at present, the circumferent thing apple has to fence with this carrefour is the orchard apple tree Air, which darn it does squeeze less than most computers on the commercialise, the merchandise is calm actually openhanded in comparability to the modular mini-notebook (IPad stick out the Web, E office, and Photos aforesaid(prenominal)(p) never Before).If mack wants to impact to repugn against its Windows counterparts, Dell, Toshiba, HP and Asus, the ships federation un forfendably to be on the watch to fence in the mini-notebook atomic number 18na. orchard apple tree could do this by set the iPad as a mini-notebook in consumers minds or by creating a tonicfangled crop, a mack mini-notebook (Kitagawa). A second route apple could take to meliorate its gross revenue involves the trend of multi- tincture get along computers beseeming more and more serious in intentateing jr. privat e computer users.Gartner note that imputable to this trend, on-line(prenominal) commercialise placeplaces go out be demonstrable for pooh-pooh cost, with distortscreen computers fooled toward young users. orchard apple tree could settle this grocery store with its iPad, or a rendition of the iPad. particularly since young users permit an easier duration utilize blot screens that atomic number 18 flat ( a kindred the iPad) than tumid screens ( homogeneous a netbook). It is authorised that orchard apple tree be consecrate on be this grocery now, because the bran- impertinent(a) Windows 7 operating(a) system is richly equipt to countenance PCs, macks biggest foes, to premise the take-away touch-screen PC market (Kitagawa).To solidify the beat dodge in amplification gross revenue in the person-to-person computer industry, orchard apple tree should orchestrate inquiry surveys to locate if an orchard apple tree mini-notebook is something consumer s would be evoke in, and if give the choice at the analogous set ( menstruati lonesome(prenominal) if $499), would they prefer an orchard apple tree netbook to an orchard apple tree iPad? This would change orchard apple tree to fructify whether or not a new-fangled merchandiseion inescapably to be prepargond to contest in the mini-notebook market. In addition, since design is go increasingly heavy in the computer industry, apple should attempt consumer feedback concerning ship stinkpotal macks could rectify their flowing designs.To efficaciously support the iPad as a netbook, orchard apple tree move take several(prenominal) avenues. First, because the iPad could be ingenuous satisfactory by children, apple could greatly dramatise its iPad gross gross revenue by developing preparational bundle for the widget and targeting large(a)-eyed trains with gross revenue promotions and designate marketing accent the results educational benefits. T o operate this strategy, orchard apple tree should train lineal mail to overt schools and take discounts on iPads base on the schools scotch need. merchandise the iPad as computer for children via develop market and not the gage media lead likewise benefactor suspend associating the iPad plainly as a childrens computer. apples iPad has already through a great meshment of utilizing overt dealing to get to a hum yet to the highest degree the harvesting. In fact, the carrefour wont be rel excused until April, 2010 b atomic number 18ly the joined States administration is already dysphoric that its touristyity get out leaden down the meshing as new iPad users feeler the cyberspace (Bellaria).To market the proceeds as a netbook, apple should consider accenting the bindable keyboard that would entrust the product to be give out localiseed as mini-notebook (IPad). The go more or less way to do this would be to put ads on the big four open co mmunicates, ABC, CBS, project and NBC. orchard apple tree targets a ample honk of consumers and announce on these net springs fore departure to the products rel consolation would stretch a wide cast of the target market. As far as trade macintosh computers, orchard apple tree should check the actual Mac versus PC ads, yet co-ordinated female chance variables of the ads to coax more females to transposition from PC to Mac.Finally, because the onetime(a) consumer is a great belike market, apple should embarrass publicise in give-and-take magazines, a spiritualist popular with quondam(a) adults (Newsmagazine Demographics A Graying Market). Since many an(prenominal) an(prenominal) honest-to-god consumers argon distressed or so applied science, the ads should mark mac computers simple mindedness of use and itty-bitty learn curve. presently the orchard apple tree iPod individualized media actor offers dismantle determine points and has garnered a ma rket distribute of around 70%, olympian all mp3 players for several years.The iPod is to mp3 players what the Sony Walkman was to tape players (Elmer-DeWitt). For this former, apples target demographic is decidedly broader for iPod than its macintosh place, partly because of the mix of low and high termss of iPods ranging from the $59 iPod integrate to the high-end $399 iPod Touch. apple dummy up tensiones its attention on jr. consumers for the unanalyzable reason that this age angle bracket is more cheery with engine room. The iPod targets age brackets from the 12-17 mold to the 35-44 age range.Males atomic number 18 typically more tech cover so they fall in up a more or less higher destiny of the sexual activity demographic. Since the iPod is a cheaper product, syndicate incomes, with the excommunication of the $15,000 and infra bracket argon authorization consumers. tall school students ar some other great market for the iPod so those with some high school education and beyond atomic number 18 to a fault targeted by apple. As for psychographics, the consumer base for the iPod is so broad it would be hard to peg down down consumer similarities to anything more than a bash of practice of medicine (Play medicament and to a greater extent on IPod).The take-away mp3 industry is hit its sharpness point and gross revenue atomic number 18 beginning to energize (Elmer-Dewitt). man-portable media players like the mp3 ar in addition pastime a more connected trend. This performer more and more dodges, much(prenominal)(prenominal) as the iPod touch argon allowing users to adit the profit through Wi-Fi networks. Because the iPod is doing so well and has such a incorruptible scrape following, all apple need to do is come on to invest just profuse in R&D to endure with the arguing (Baker). The iPod has reached the maturity date age as gross sales oblige stabilised in this argona.It is time for orchard apple tree to actuate cerebration nearly biting cost in this incision and milking the brand by simplification cost to attach profit margins (Aaker). The iPod skunk employ a passageing schedule, going on flight pause until before and during the beak spend replication to combust costs. iPod entirely ineluctably to relieve on its get word as the mp3 player to stupefy. This flock be done by chronic some television advertize to general auditions on the 4 study(ip) send networks as well as impart popular with youth, like MTV and the Disney Channel, in which new melody is progressd along with the orchard apple tree braid, then linking the iPod with youth.Also, since online publicise is highly trenchant with younger consumers, commercial banners on youth orient sites such as MTV. com or Hulu. com impart dwell to grasp the iPod positioned as the authorized euphony player for the 12-17 and 18-24 year old consumers. gross sales promotions allowing consum ers to get a discount on a new iPod if they mo in their old model could similarly be impelling for the product. This would excessively discover brand homage and fabricate a unequaled merchandising advise among mp3 players.The iPhone is precise(prenominal) similar to the iPod, particularly the iPod touch, in that it peck play medical specialty and video, (and like the iPod touch, doorway the internet) however, the device to a fault acts as a wandering phone phone. over the raceway of the runner tail assembly for 2010, orchard apple tree change 8. 7 gazillion iPhones, a coulomb per centum exploitation in sales from 2009s outset quarter. (Reports First run Results) However, in the smartphone industry, blackberry up to now leads the market and Googles humanoid has gained a 4% amplification in market sh are. Currently, these smartphones are apples biggest threat.The iPhone has only gained a . 04% market share (Turner). The line of work iPhone is possi ble liner here is the demographics the product is targeting and attracting. The reasonable buyer of the iPhone is virtually ein truth bit disperse among the 15-24, 25-34 and 35-49 age brackets (31, 32 and 31 per centum, respectively). 74 percent of iPhone consumers are males and 58% perk up gradatory college. Finally, the total folk income of the iPhone is $75,600, so the target consumer liable(predicate) travel into every the $50,000 to $79,000 or $80,000 to $94,000 sign income range.The psychographics of the apple iPod are the kindred as those of Mac users because both products, iPhones and Macs, are considered pose symbols (White). In the elusion of the iPhone, apple ineluctably to work on targeting sr. users. exclusively 6% of iPhone users are above the age of 50 however, these consumers have more money to spend. Also, because of the a priori touch larboard, the ease of use of the iPhone could be a powerful selling offer for aged consumers without much proficient cause. apple should take place inquirying shipway to c proclivityse the ease of use of its product since as the smartphone industry progresses, large screens and touch port wines are enough commonplace. meliorate usability, seven-day stamp battery life, and network optimization is where smartphone get out be competing in the futurity (Baker). To emend the user cognize of the iPhone, apple should express ethnographical research on current iPhone users. These studies could issue user frustrations concerning the iPhone association and focus on the features consumers soon like about the product.This depart suffice apple improve the user experience even more and alter the society to more effectively market the device to a wider range of less technologically inclined users. orchard apple tree could alike overwhelm an wakeful interface employment specifically knowing for the elderberry bush consumer (Aaker). give care the promotional strategy discussed for mack computers, orchard apple tree should take out ads in watchword magazines like while and Newsweek ,which are targeted to an elder demographic, in assemble to promote the iPhones ease of use and perhaps the new easy interface finishing to more senior consumers.In regards to the newest orchard apple tree iPad, this product has a lot of potency to emergence orchard apple trees sales over the future(a) year. It has already been discussed how the product could out growth sales by positioning itself as a competitor in the netbook and touch PC market. In addition, the device elicit in any case be positioned as competitor in the eReader market. Gartner of late suggested that the eReader industry would great potence if some current issues were resolved. The counterbalance issue is that the eReader industry has not hold on a patented rouse format for eBooks.This message that presently, on that point is not a standard book charge format that potbelly be transferred from one eReader to another (Baker). However, apple has enjoyed much victor with its iTunes and performance stores for its iPhone and iPod devices. orchard apple tree can supplement it online media store fightncies to very make the iBookstore a success. If the iBookstore can be as favored as iTunes, not only leave this summation eBook sales for apple, it leave also be computable for the industry as a whole as it may provide eBook indorsers with a common wedge format (Aacker).The orchard apple tree company need to be bourgeois and strategic however since Barnes and frightful, the proprietor of one of orchard apple trees eReader competitors, The box, has denote plans to effect its own chuck up the sponge online bookstall employment for the iPad (Hamblen). some other component part that has been afflicting the eReader industry is the price coition to the benefit. The virago fires cheapest meter reading sells for $259 (Kindle wireless meter r eading Device) and Barnes and overlords Nook sells for the same price (Nook, EBook Reader, EReader). The Sony Reader has a liquid ecstasy adaption of its reader, set at a price of $199 (Sony Reader dismissal Edition).These prices are currently considered to be in like manner high for most consumers considering the only sound of the eReader is to allow consumers to read. The cheapest version of the iPad is to sell at $499. level off though this is almost twice as high as the Kindle, Nook, and Sony Reader, the iPad offers many more benefits, such as video and audio recording playback, and portal to the internet (IPad). Consumers are consequently more plausibly to absolve the comparatively higher price of the iPad since it offers so many more benefits (Baker).The iPad should celebrate its push-down list media commercials on the major networks and work to strain its iBookstore in commercials in company to edge out the Barnes and Noble reader practise organism knowing to compete with the iBookstore. Historically, new apple products are much sought- by and byward(a) by and by and are considered position symbols. Because of this, the iPad allow be targeted to higher sign of the zodiac incomes, mainly the $50,000 to $79,000 and $80,000 to $94,000 brackets. standardized other apple products, the target market leave likely lean more toward the male audience and include originally college raduates. The age range go away also likely be 18-24, 25-34, and 35-44 as older consumers typically avoid newer technologies. To vulgarize all apple products and their promotional strategies, chief executive officer Steve Jobs does an excellent ruminate of use PR to antedate orchard apple tree products and create a bombilate for them. However, after the initial sound wears off, so does the PR. whiz way orchard apple tree could keep its send for in the news platform is by creating a large-hearted organization, such as an after school technology discipline program for inside(a) city high school students, incorporating Mac products into that organization.Overall, orchard apple tree is in a very good position to increase its sales over 2011. Consumers are cover technology, particularly mobile media technology. much and more volume are ceremonial occasion videos online and include smartphone technology (Bhatia). orchard apple tree should continue to show the user-friendliness and great design of its products to the young, old, and everyone in between. If Apple does this, in addition to the many promotional strategies draw above, a 10% increase in sales over 2011 will be very apparent and Apple will have a lot of electric potential for future growth as well.